Compare and Contrast the Different Perspective on the Self

Compare and contrast the different perspective on the self in Kaphagawani's article â€Å"African conceptions of a person'. Reflect on some of the challenges. Table of Content Table of Content1 Introduction2 Nature2 Principle of life2 Personhood3 Human being3 Conclusion3 References4 IntroductionIn this essay I will compare and contrast the different perspectives of self, person and personhood from various cultures across Africa, answering the age-old questions within metaphysics as well as philosophy: â€Å"What is a person? ; What elements constitute being a person? ; and â€Å"Could one be a person without personhood? † Nature The Akan philosophers Wiredu and Gyekye agree the okra (soul) is the innermost self of the person, but disagree whether the nature of the okra is a material or immaterial substance.Wiredu insist the okra is different from the Western philosophy’s perceived soul, because to the West the term soul refers to â€Å"a purely immaterial entity that somehow inhabits the body. The okra, by contrast, is quasi-physical. † (1) The okra for Gyekye has the same concept of a soul as in other metaphysical systems and proclaims that â€Å"a crucial aspect of Akan metaphysics is the existence of the world of spirits† (2a). Gyekye insists â€Å"the okra and sunsum are immaterial substances and they survive death as a â€Å"spiritual unity†(2b) where Wiredu suggests sunsum is not an entity but a manner of being, which perishes at death.Principle of life The sunsum as the â€Å"activating principle† and okra as the â€Å"principle of life† is unclear. The Yoruba’s ori, like the okra, is the determinant of personality, where the emi is the active principal of life. The Akan’s perception of okra is regarded as the active life principle supplied by the deity, as well as the bearer of destiny, where the Yoruba’s emi, which is the equivalent of okra, is not the bearer of destiny. Personhoo dThe words of John F. Kennedy, â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country† (3) sums up the road to personhood. Mbiti (4) argues that â€Å"in traditional life, the individual does not and cannot exist alone except corporately†¦. He is simply part of the whole†, and describes a social-centric view of personhood in which society creates the individual. Tempels agrees that â€Å"this concept of separate beings, of substance†¦ hich find themselves side by side, entirely independent one of another, is foreign to Bantu thought. † (5) Human being Kagame claims that humans beings are complete animals â€Å"from the moment he exist in his mother's womb†, â€Å"when a name has been given† or â€Å" from the moment he puts reason to good use† (6) but for Wiredu everyone is born a person. However personhood is something you may achieve making some more person than others on fulfilment of one's obligati ons to self, household and to community. 7) For Geykye â€Å"a human person is a being who has a moral sense and is capable of making moral judgements† (8a) and does not agree with the personhood debate because â€Å"what the individual would be striving for in all his/her exertions is some social status, not personhood. † (8b) Conclusion After colonialism Africa provided descriptions on what a person is in the African context but the authentic descriptions were lost in order to compensate for Aristotle's â€Å"man is a rational animal†.It unified African educated philosophers and created a second tier by adding the word â€Å"hood† to â€Å"person†. The English language creates translation issues because it is unable to effectively define African concepts as passed down amongst generations. The words of John F. Kennedy’s inauguration speech stress the essence of African culture as it emphasises the role which the community plays in order fo r a person to be able to define him-/herself. References (1) Kwasi WireduThe concept of mind with particular reference to the language and thought of the Akan Contemporary Philosophy: A new survey. Vol 5: African Philosophy, ed G. Floistad (Dordrecht: Nijhoff, 1987) pg. 161 (2a) Kwame Gyekye Concept of a person An essay on African philosophical thought, revise,d edition, ed Kwane Gyekye (Temple university press, Philadelphia, 1995) pg. 86,87 (2b) Kwame Gyekye Concept of a person An essay on African philosophical thought, revise,d edition, ed Kwane Gyekye (Temple university press, Philadelphia, 1995) pg. 98 (3) John F.Kennedy This speech was delivered by John F Kennedy at his inauguration in Washington on January 20 1961. (4) John S. Mbiti Ethnic Groups, Kinship ; the Individual African Religions and Philosophy, 2nd edition, ed. John S Mbiti (Oxford: Heineman, 1989), pg. 106. (5) Father Placide Temples Bantu Philosophy â€Å"La Philosophie Bantoue†, ed. Dr. A. Rubbens (Elizabe thville: Lovania, 1945), pg. 58. (6) Alex Kagame The Shadow Thesis Reading in contemporary African Philosophy, ed Dr P Mungwini, Dr MLJ Koeane, Mr ESN Mkhwanazi (UNISA: Pretoria, 2012) pg. 91 (7) Kwasi Wiredu An Akan perspective on human rights The African Philosophy Reader, Second Edition, ed PH Coetzee and APJ Roux (Routledge: Londen, 2003), pg 315 (8a) Kwame Gyekye Person and community in African thought Reading in contemporary African Philosophy, ed Dr P Mungwini, Dr MLJ Koeane, Mr ESN Mkhwanazi (UNISA: Pretoria, 2012) pg. 29 (8b) Kwame Gyekye Person and community in African thought Reading in contemporary African Philosophy, ed Dr P Mungwini, Dr MLJ Koeane, Mr ESN Mkhwanazi (UNISA: Pretoria, 2012) pg. 30

Ideal Person Essay

Ideal person An ideal person is is that man or woman who can easily deliver his or her thoughts and ideas in a perfect manner.Actually an ideal person possesses iron determination and is a moral giant in the true sense of the term.The qualities he/ she possesses are truthfulness, honesty,love for his fellowmen, taking oath not to hurt others, not to pain anyone’s soul and try to bow before the worthy and be a balm for the bruised hearts.If all such qualities are manifested the salt of the earth is born. Can my dream be fructified? May be, I know it for certain that in the modern society most of the people are morally corrupt. If my ideal person emerges somehow from the rotten system he/she may be the pathfinder of those fallen souls leading them towards the dream destination.At that very time our beautiful planet may get rid of the blemishes. It is quite evident that man or woman with lofty ideals are not at hand but still there are people who can earn our reverence through their honesty and virtues.If they were not present in the society the Sun never blazed the Moon never glared.In the desert of corrupt populace they are nothing but the oasis,yet we know they are there with their gorgeous presence amid us. How to be an ideal person Always keep smiling. That does not mean to laugh for no reason, but it means to remain composed and confident Be as thankful as you can in your life. Of course, not all circumstances in life will be a happy one, but keeping your glace upward will improve your window of the world. Remain as truthful as possible. Avoid being pretentious and fake Stay calm and collected. Whenever someone provokes you, try not to explode. Rather than adding fuel to the fire, perhaps ask what is going on. If they do not want to answer, then just remain in the sidelines. Try not to expect things. Instead, why don’t you try lowering the bar of your expectations. If you expect the best, you have to give your best. Keep your mind on the goal, but have temperance and patience. If you want something, you have to work for it. Obtaining things in life can be easy, but most of the time it is difficult. So do not give up! Respect your elders, not only the ones you know but also the ones whomyou do not know. Meet them cheerfully and happily. Live life with enthusiasm and perseverance. We all have the same time on earth, so rather than looking down upon a situation or your life, change it so that you can be happier. Things will roll slowly, but with dedication, faith, hope, and love, you can turn things around or make your life far better than it is now. Love yourself in a sense that look upon the ones who are lower to you in wealth and in matters of greatness and good virtue look upon the ones who are higher than you in it.

Belonging in Romulus My Father and Looking for Alibrandi

Belonging in Romulus my father and looking for alibrandi: Belonging represents the need for individuals to find their identity and place within a society. This results in the growth of individuals and their understanding of the world around them. Through reading the novels, Romulus, My Father and Looking for Alibrandi, we are helped to get a better understanding of the concept of belonging, belonging to a country, belonging to family, and belonging to a racial group. As well as the struggles of not belonging and being an outcast because of race. Romulus, My Father, written by Raimond Gaita, is a true story about Raimonds father, Romulus. Gaita explores the concepts of belonging to a family, belonging to the Australian landscape, and not being accepted because of the fact that Romulus was an immigrant. We belong when we feel connected to others and the world. Romulus found it hard to fit in when he arrived to Australia. This is understandable as immagration invariably involves detachment, loneliness and isolation. His first two years in Australia saw him working for the government, isolated from his family. Romulus did not physically belong to the community due to his appearance, everybody noticed his eyes, almond-shaped, hazel and intense. Colour imagery is used here to contrast the lighter colours of the stereotypical Australian. Romulus was embaressed about his dark complexion, he called himself gipsy and later in Australia, an Aborigine. We see here that Romulus changes his story, in a plea to belong to a community or environment. Romulus doesnt dwell over the isolation he feels, instead he has come to accept what fate dealt him. He feels he is not owed anything better then what he currently has. As time progresses and members of the community realise the blacksmithing and handyman skills he has, he earns respect. It was because Romulus treated everyone with great respect that he was eventually accepted and finally felt a sense of belonging. Similarly, in Looking for Alibrandi, written by Melina Marchetta, we see the pain of a 17 year old girl, Josephine, as she is stuck in between two worlds. She earnt a scholarship at an upper class private school where everyone is judged by how rich their families are. Josie is embaressed of her Italian background, she has been bullied through school and steers away from her Italian traditions. Josie endures pain over her background, and thinks no matter how smart she is, shes always going to be the little ethnic girl from Glebe as far as these people are concerned. She feels that she doesnt belong within society and The use of the words these people highlight the cultural divide and differences between the white anglo-saxon community and the Italian community. When Josie calls upon her father for legal help after assaulting Carly Bishop, her father asked her the reason why she hit Caly with a book, she called me a wog, amongst other things, her father then went on to say You are a wog Josie, does it offend you to be one? . From this point forward, Josie was forced to reconsider her perspective on being Italian. Eventually, a pride in her Italian heritage emerges, although she is selective and doesnt want to be a long suffering Italian woman as earlier generations of women had. However, she didn;t want to be a rebel Italian because she hates the thought of being outcasted by her Italian community, she wants to belong. A sense of belonging can be created with an environment. In Romulus, My Father, we feel Romuluss pain has he longs for the generous and soft Eurpoean foliage. Although the Australian landscape is beautiful, he has no connection or sense of belonging to the environment as he is used to the lush and green bush of Europe. Words with negative connotations such as scraggy and desolate are used to describe the harsh Australian environment and to highlight the fact that Romulus feels no sense of belonging with it. In contrast to this, we see how Raimond finally appreciates the rare beauty of the Australian environment. He now realises that how beautiful it is and feels a connection to it, he has finally stopped looking through his fathers European eyes, the scraggy shapes and sparse foliage actually became the foci for my sense of its beauty and everything else fell into place. In both texts we see the concepts of belonging to a family or close friends. In Romulus, we see the strong bond not only between Romulus and Raimond, but also Hora. The strong bond between father and son is symbolised solely by the memoir, the fact that Raimond wrote the novel about his father emphasies the strong bond they had. Romulus motorbikes were used as a symbol to show the sense of belonging they feel amongst each other, i was nervous when i rode with Mitru and entreated him to slow down on the gravel roads. When i rode with my father, no matter how fast he drove, i always urged him to go faster. Romulus and Horas relationship has stemmed from a cultural bond to a strong friendship based on respect and trust. They became close because of the similar cultures, and they were both aliens in a foreign country. Horas friendship rubs off onto Raimond, who he has great affection for. This is shown by Hora making sure Raimond had an orange for school every day. The fact that Hora would do anything for Raimond is a reflection of the deep sense of belonging that Hora feels towards Romulus. Similarly, in Looking for Alibrandi, we see the strong bond between Josie, and her mother Christina. Although they fight at times because of their fiery personalities, the bond will always be strong because of the hard times they have been through together. As Josie matures on her road to an inner sense of belonging, she becomes close to her grandmother. This is partly because of the fact she has accepted her Italian background, which means she can now tolerate her Nonna more. At the agof 17, she also meets her father for the first time. Initially, she resents him. But after spending time with him she realises how alike they are and they form a tight bond, therefore belonging with each other.

Condom Disrtibution In High Schools Research Proposal

Condom Disrtibution In High Schools - Research Proposal Example It was however, a woman by the name of Ella Flagg Young, who pioneered the notion of sexual education on a public school level by converging the appeal of Science with the taboo subject of sex in general. Young capably introduced her ideals in the â€Å"Chicago Experiment† of 1913, â€Å"During the Progressive Era, Dr. Ella Flagg Young instituted the first sexual education program in U.S. public schools. She garnered support for her "Chicago Experiment" by integrating scientific appeals about sexual education into popular discourses on modern research methods†(Jensen, 2007, p. 2). Nearly a century later, sexual education in public schools is still somewhat of a debate issue between those who wish to preserve sexual education as the right of the parent or legal guardian of a child and those who feel that circumventing sexual education such that every child is guaranteed a certain and realistic education on the matter; remains a common topic at PTA meetings around the country. The issue of condom availability is certainly not immune to controversy but never the less, has become relatively common and appropriate. Sexual education in general, has matured from a topic shrouded in shame and social taboo to one of centrifugal interest, â€Å"The extreme anxiety about sex expressed itself partly through the proliferation of advice manuals. Works such as John Todd’s 1837 Student’s Manual were well within the tradition of Ben Franklin’s Improving Literature† (Moran, 2000, p. 4). The dichotomy surrounding condom availability in public schools is whether or not it condones promiscuity, even though it is an essential means of preventing teen pregnancy and the spread of HIV. What many of those who embrace the idea that passing out condoms promotes promiscuity do not realize, is that teens do not need permission from society or from authority figures to engage in sexual activity. (Moran,

Market Position Analysis of Yum Brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words - 1

Market Position Analysis of Yum Brand - Essay Example According to the company website, Yum Brand is adjudged as the world’s largest fast-food restaurant in the world in terms of the total number of operating units. With a staggering figure of 40,000 restaurants and presence in more than 130 countries of the world, the global sales figures of Yum increasing at a robust rate (Yum, 2013). Â  Since the spin-off from PepsiCo in the year 1997, the company has truly become a global company. The assets skyrocketed from $4,531m to 9,011m in the global restaurant industry (Global Business Browser, 2014). For the 36 weeks ended 07 September 2013, its revenues reduced by 6% to $8.91b and net income decreased 39% to $770m (Interim report, 2013). The company always aims at entering countries which have strong market potential and implements relevant operational strategies which allow them to surmount a different kind of market challenges. Yum Brands have experienced growth by focusing on the foreign markets such as China, India, and Brazil to name a few. Â  Some of the key competitors of the firm are McDonald's, Burger King, Subway and Dunkin Donuts among others. The company is also known for its philanthropic activities across the globe and has always received respect from the society. For example, the company offers employment opportunities to the unprivileged segment of the society. Though it is facing the decline in sales and profits, reports have suggested that the macroeconomic environment has always remained strong for the Yum Brands, especially in the overseas markets (Cho, 2012). According to Global Business Browser (2013), the restaurant's industry all over the world increased by 8.5% in 2011 to reach a value of $2,457.1b and it is expected to increase by 41.7% to $3,482.5b by 2016. The company anticipates that the in the next 8-10 years, the rising incomes will continue to unfold and will allow millions of people to afford fast foods from Yum Brands (Cho, 2012).

Sunflower Incorporated.International Business Assignment

Sunflower Incorporated.International Business - Assignment Example Economic growth refers to an increase in the size of a country’s national income. It can also be defined as an increase in the amount of goods and services produced by the economy of a country over a given duration. To measure economic growth is to quantify the increase in the welfare of a country and derive with numerical accuracy of this large scale economic and social change. The formula for the calculation of economic growth is outlined below as; Economic Growth= Change in income/ Income of the Previous PeriodÃâ€" 100 Economic growth is crucial to the national economy well-being of any country and; therefore, requires the government to take the necessary actions to help its citizens to enhance that growth. Many factors that promote strong economic growth are connected to the business framework cycle and efforts directed towards improving the living standards for the consumers. Factors that stimulate economic growth are namely, healthy competition within the market place, innovations in technology, increases in labor supply, and expansion in value and extent of the resources available such as land. Other factors include; science progression and productive knowledge, growth of individual skills and government incentives, the cultivation of new markets in emerging nations, and finally the investment in foreign ventures all are stimulants of a strong economic growth. Central bank is a bank that is owned and operated by the government. It is also a government bank and a banker’s bank. The centr al bank stimulates strong economic growth by conducting monetary policy that controls the money supply in the economy and hence generates more production and high living standards. The central bank also maintains the stability of exchange rates, ensures equitable distribution of income, stable prices of commodities and high levels of employment as ways of influencing the economic expansion. The government banker also sets the official rates of interest that are utilized to manage inflation so that economic growth can be positive and quantifiable. A trade deficit arises when a country buys or imports more than it sells or exports to other countries. A trade deficit is not necessarily undesirable. It bestows benefits and carries some costs and the benefits may outweigh the costs. Trade deficits are a vehicle for extending the gains from trade, where lending and borrowing among nations can lead to a more saving allocation efficiency, and preferred consumption pattern overtime (Sloman, John & Mark 24). Trade deficits do not necessarily cause slower economic growth or lead to any economy-wide job losses. However, a persistent trade deficit is harmful to the national economy since it may decrease aggregate demand and also reduce the actual Gross Domestic product by diverting manpower and finances from competing ventures like imports and exports where these resources are required most due to their productivity. Another consequence is the high levels of foreign investment into the deficit country. This has the effect of hurting investment locally as local investors prefer to keep assets than invest them due to their favorable nature. A persistent high trade deficit in a country can cause economic hardship in the long run in case of changes in political leadership or the beginning of a war. Persistent trade deficits tend to make countries more exposed to global variations in costs and products. This vulnerability though short-lived can produce risks that are highly une xpected for investors. International financial and monetary activities are becoming more integrated since they bring the countries involved more extensive international

List of countries for Obscure Country Project Research Paper

List of countries for Obscure Country Project - Research Paper Example It was in this year that the country gained independence from Ethiopia. The independence was the resultant of a referendum in which nearly 100 percent of Eritreans advocated separation from Ethiopia. Long before this in the year 1890 Eritrea fell under the colonial rule of Italy. Becoming a province of Italian East Africa in the year 1936. The Ethiopian forces joined hands with the Britishers to expel the Italians from the country and took over its charge in the year 1941. The British rule over the state under the UN Mandate continued for almost ten years. Eritrea was given solely under the federation of Ethiopia after this. Independence from this rule has given rise to the present day Eritrea. The territory of Eritrea has come under disputes even after its independence. A dispute over Hanish Islands and fishing rights in the Red Sea erupted with the country of Yemen in the year 1995. This conflict was resolved after the intrusion of UN. Both the countries complied with the organizat ion’s verdict. In the year 1998 a territorial conflict erupted with Ethiopia. A ceasefire in the year 2000 was followed by an arbitration decision made by a boundary commission that represented both the countries. This decision has not been implemented upon as yet and thus the conflict has remained unresolved to date. Since the year 2005 3,300 troupes have been deployed at the mutual border of both the countries by the UN over a span of 25km on the Eritrean land. (History of the Nations). GEOGRAPHY AND NATURAL HABITAT The location of Eritrea is 15 °Ã‚  N; 39 °Ã‚  E. The neighboring nations of Eritrea are Djibouti, Ethiopia and Sudan. The coastline of t state is 1151 km long. The borders that connect the neighboring nations have the following lengths: With Ethiopia the border length is 912 km the border length with Djibouti is 113 km and finally that with Sudan is 605km. The sea limit that comes under the territory of Eritrea is 12 km long. The sea that this country border s is the Red Sea. The Total area of the country is 124,320 square kilometers. The time zone of the nations of 3 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. The topography of the country can be divided into the broad categories of an arid narrow lowland strip along the red sea, the north-central region (this region is an extension of the Ethiopian Plateau and is dissected by rivers valleys) and the plains on the west that border Sudan. The highest point in the Country’s physical region is at Emba Soira. The lowest point of the terrain is in Denakil Depression which is along the Red Sea. At some places, this depression is 130 km below sea level. (MongaBay 2006). The major rivers of the country include Setit River. This river comes into Eritrea after passing through Ethiopia and then passes onto Sudan later on. There are other rivers as well but they are usually dried and live only in the rainy season. Names of these rivers include Anseba, Barka and Mareb. Its inhabitants are racially, culturally and linguistically Tigrayan. The population of the country reaced 4.3 million in the year 2004. These statistics are in accordance with the studies of the UN. Nearly 120,000 Eritreans are living as refugees in the state of Sudan. About 20 percent of the country’s population lives in the urban areas while the rest of them reside in the rural areas. RESOURCES The natural resources of the nation include  precious elements and minerals like copper, salt, gold, potash, zinc. (Eritrea Economic Statistics and Indicators 2011). Natural

Animal Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Animal Testing - Essay Example Animal testing has also contributed to understanding how to treat malaria, Leukemia, and other major diseases that eliminated a very high number of human populations in the past. The animal is the best research subjects because they share similar characteristics with human beings. For instance, Chimpanzees has 99% DNA similarity with humans (Hayhurst, 2000). In addition, mice are almost genetically similar to human beings. Due to these similarities, they are susceptible to the same diseases that affect human beings. There are very many ethical considerations that might be observed when using human subjects. This is mainly when testing medicines that are of high toxin levels. In such cases, the lives of human beings should not be put in any form of danger (Watson, 2009). Therefore, the test of human beings should be preceded by that of human beings.Animals have also benefited immensely in the testing. Many deadly diseases such as rabies, tetanus, anthrax, etc could not have been contr olled if animal testing was not conducted. Moreover, more animals could have been swept off by the diseases and become extinct. As a result, the testing has major benefits on animal species (Watson, 2009). Animals used for testing have a shorter lifespan than human beings. For instance, a mouse has a lifespan of two to three years (Hayhurst, 2000). Therefore, while testing a medicine that affects a whole lifespan of a human being, it’s easier to get quick results when using animals rather than human beings.

Paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Paper 1 - Essay Example It describes how a particular professional group should act ethically when discharging their duties (Harris 17). In the second case study, engineer A was recently hired to by safecomp to work in their quality control department. After a few weeks, the engineer was asked to sign off some protocols, standards and testing procedures since he had been the one working on them. However, engineer A felt that he was not experienced enough to sign off such crucial documents since he was not fully acquainted with the procedures and standards at safecomp. The engineer let his supervisor know about his stand, but the supervisor would hear none of it. Finally, engineer decided not to sign off the documents, as he was not sure and thought he would jeopardize his career by signing the documents. This paper will support engineers a decision not to sign off the documents. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has laid out a code ethics to govern this professional group. Under the code of ethics by the IEEE, by signing off the documents, engineer A would be agreeing to take responsibility for the safety and health of those would end up using the product (Ieee.org). However, due to his lack of experience the engineer did not think he would be able to sign off such protocols. He was also unsure of the procedures and standards of the company, and as such, the engineer felt that he did not have the authority to sign off such crucial documents. Although he was charged with the responsibility of handling the quality control department, the company should have given the engineer enough time on the job to acquire the necessary experience and get to know the procedure of the company before being allowed to sign off such crucial documents. In the event the products were faulty, he would be held directly responsible for any casualties and would jeopardize his career and even risk jail time. The IEEE code of ethics also states that a professional should always

I DO NOT HAVE A TOPIC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I DO NOT HAVE A TOPIC - Essay Example Pollution could also destroy the ozone layer thus altering the climatic condition of the region. This would significantly affect the residents since in terms of tourism since it is one of the major economic activities in the area (Mullerat & Brennan, 2011). †¢ Mission statement: they aim at being the best-loved boutique hotel and restaurant by the guests, owners, and all stakeholders by provide excellent service and care and delivering financial returns to investors (Clarke & Chen, 2009). The company has been involved in multiple social responsibilities. However, regarding the loyalty of the customers that has enabled the company to be among the best in the world, it is only fair that the company continue giving back to the society. The headquarter of Kimpton is located in one of the largest cities in the area (Sun, Stewart, & Pollard, 2010). This means that the population in the area is high: and densely populated. With the improved economic conditions in the area due to high tourism levels, most of the population here own cars and the remaining part of the population use public transport. Some of these cars could result into air pollution if they happen to emit fumes. In addition, this city houses various companies and industries. Such industries pollute the environment through emission of dangerous fumes and introducing waste material into the water sources. Considering that the organization is aimed at creating a good brand image, reducing the levels of pollution is a good move to ensure that the organization saves money from the residents of the area. The reason is that air or water pollution could result into multiple health defects and reducing or eliminating them saves this medical money for such residents (Hancock, 2009). The program is very cost effective especially considering that the company already campaigns for the use of renewable energy in the

Quest for Manhood Malcolm X Essay Example for Free

Quest for Manhood Malcolm X Essay Manhood is when a boy takes the leap from being a child to a true man. People say that leap happens at different times for every boy. People can tell it happens because they stop acting foolishly and deal with matters by themselves. The four stories The Autobiography of Malcolm X, â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, â€Å"The Man Who Killed a Shadow†, and â€Å"Almos’ a Man† all deal with African American boys and them becoming true men. The literature of Richard Wright and Malcolm X illustrate how African American males encountered much difficulty in asserting their manhood while living within the racist society of the 1930’s and 1940’s. Racism denied African American males the opportunity to gain economic power. In â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, the young African American boy gets a job in a factory. He works with white men and wants to learn more. One day he is told that the factory is â€Å"a white man’s work†¦and [he] better watch [him] self! † (241) The white men feel he is threatening their job even though he is just trying to support his family. They threaten him and make him quit his job. Unlike the young boy who already has a job, Malcolm X moves to Boston to search for a new job. During Malcolm X, Malcolm decides his life would be better if he moves in with his sister. He was walking through the city and noticed these people were â€Å"only a big city version of those successful Negro bootblacks and janitors back in Lansing† (42). Janitors and bootblacks were considered successful jobs for African Americans where that job for a white man would be around middle to lower class. Blacks don’t even have a chance at a good job like a lawyer or doctor. â€Å"The Man with a Shadow† is about an African American man growing up in life. He is working as a janitor and his boss has legs spread wide open and her panties showing. He is embarrassed and refuses to clean under her desk. The boss becomes angry and screams, â€Å"‘You’re being paid to clean, You black nigger†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (232). The black man feels real embarrassed and gets yelled at for not cleaning the same area again. He feels as if he is being treated like a slave. Also being called the N word is real offensive for African Americans. He has to quit because he accidentally killed the librarian. Economic power is one step in leading men to manhood, but exercising one’s freedom is also an important step. Racism prevented African American males from exercising their autonomy. In â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, the young African American boy has a job and is making a delivery. He is on his back to the store when â€Å"a police car, swerving toward [him], jammed [him] into the curbing† (244). Blacks in this time period were treated unfairly. He is just trying to do his job and even the cops wouldn’t let blacks exercise their own independence. Whites put fear into blacks in all different kinds of settings during this time period, from work places to social settings. During Malcolm X, Malcolm is in a theatre watching a show. When the show started, Malcolm â€Å"was the only Negro in the theatre†¦[and] felt like crawling under a rug† (33). People go to theatres all the time and shouldn’t be forced to feel uncomfortable while in them. Malcolm wants to watch the show, but since the country was so racist and he was the only black, he felt weird and wanted to leave. Later on in the book, Malcolm is thinking about what he wanted to do for his job. â€Å"Lansing certainly had no negro lawyers or doctors,† something he may have wanted to be (38). He wants to be successful in life, but as he recalls there are zero lawyers or doctors in Lansing. This quote shows that because of race alone, blacks can’t use their autonomy and get a job they aspire to be. Finding their independence was hard enough, but trying to protect each other was even harder. Racism would not allow African American males to defend themselves or others. The young boy in â€Å"The Ethics of a Living Jim Crow† is at a store working when an old woman gets beat. â€Å"They would not beat me if I knew enough to keep my mouth shut† even though they beat that old black lady (243). The white workers beat an old black lady for not paying her bill. He could not defend the old lady because he knew the whites would hurt him if I tried to help her. Later on in the story, a security guard slaps a fellow black female employee on the butt. The African American man feels embarrassed for letting his friend get slapped on the butt. The employee who got slapped says, â€Å"‘Don’t worry, you couldn’t help it†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (246). This quote shows that blacks had no chance to defend others because if they did, the whites would just beat them even more. The girl knows they can’t do anything about it and tells him not to worry. From white security guards to racist groups such as the KKK, whites could do basically whatever they want to do to blacks at this time. At the very beginning of Malcolm X, the KKK is at Malcolm’s house. They were surrounding the house, â€Å"brandishing their shotguns and rifles† (1). The KKK is around the house with weapons wanting Malcolm’s father to leave town. He had no way to defend himself because they had all weapons. Many people and organizations in town, and even the police are corrupt and don’t like the blacks. Part of being a man is defending others and the whites would not let them do this at this time. The four stories show how black males had different obstacles to overcome in gaining their manhood while living in the racist society during the mid 1900’s. The boys in all the stories had problems they encountered on their way to finding their manhood. They couldn’t gain economic power, exercise their autonomy, or defend themselves and others. The 30’s and 40’s were a bad time for African Americans to live in, but as the years have gone on, minorities have gained more rights in America. With the help of groups such as the NAACP, blacks have more rights than ever. Barack Obama, the United States President and Tiger Woods, the world’s most popular athlete are both examples of how far African Americans have come.

Tutor assessor Essay Example for Free

Tutor assessor Essay 2.1 Demonstrate how to establish communication and language need, wishes and preferences of individual Communication is a two way process, effective communication requires individuals involved to be able to express their thoughts and messages in order to communicate with others. When dealing with children In my setting, I establish their communication need, wishes and preferences by speaking to the parent/carers to establishing the needs of the children, I also refer so the notes taken when they joined my setting it is difficult to communicate with very young children who have not yet developed their speech, I point and use exaggerated facial expressions, point to things and gestures. Babies cry to communicate and express themselves, they will cry to express discomfort, when hungry, hurt or in need of attention, it is my job as child-minder to interpret what the baby is trying communicate and express It is much different when dealing with adults, you can speak to them directly and establish their needs and preferences, I can work out if someone cannot speak English, in this case, I ask them what language they speak or understand and try to facilitate by getting an interpreter if possible, I also use notes and simple language and words which are easier to understand in order to establish a communication avenue. It is also important to establish what formalities the client need some people like to be addressed by their last name, this should be respected. It is good establish if the client is comfortable in written communications.

Drives for Globalisation

Drives for Globalisation Q) Identify, define and describe three of the drivers of the recent wave of globalisation. Justify your selection, supporting your argument with the use of examples. Introduction Globalisation can be characterized by four factors; the growing worldwide interconnections, rapid, discontinuous change, increased number and diversity of participants, as well as growing complexity (Parker, 2005). According to the Dictionary of Economics (Bannock et al., 2003), the term; globalisation, is defined as the geographical shifts in domestic activity around the world and away from the nation states. It can also be referred to the interdependence of economies, through the increase in cross-border movement of goods, service, technology and capital (Joshi, 2009). Examples of such integrations can be seen in the growing presence of many multinational companies as they expand into new regions (i.e. McDonalds) and the outsourcing of manufacturing and services. There are four main areas that drive the recent wave of globalisation; however, as each area is very broad, this essay will focus on three drivers within the four categories. Drivers of Globalisation The four main areas of drivers for globalisation are market, government; cost and competition (see Figure 1). These external drivers affect the main conditions for the potential of globalisation across industries, which are mainly uncontrollable by individual firms. Market drivers include areas such as common customer needs and transferable marketing, whereby the emergence of global markets for standardized products has enabled corporations to cater demands in new markets with existing products (Levitt, 1983). Government influence is also a major driver, with policies leading to reductions in trade barriers and a shift towards an open market economy. With access to new markets and human capitals, in the area of cost advantage drivers, companies are able to gain new economies of scale by selling at higher quantities, as well as explore the advantage of low cost production through outsourcing and import. In the case of competitive drivers, the growing trade between nations along with f oreign direct investment (FDI) has helped to increase interdependence among countries and organisations, as well as exposing firms to new competitors. This essay will now focus on three more specific drivers from these four areas; the lowering of trade barriers in trade liberalization, the cost differences between countries, and the rapidly changing technology such as the internet. Globalisation is by no means a new phenomenon; periods of growing interconnections had existed throughout history, such as the Silk Road connecting Europe to Asia. However, unlike many of past waves, globalisation today represents much thicker relationships that involve many people and interactions in interconnected networks (Keohane and Nye, 2000). Hence, the reason for focusing on these three drivers is because they are some of the most important factors that influence and steer the recent wave of globalisation. The governments trade policies help to open the door to their economy, while the difference in cost provides incentives for investment such as overseas companies looking to benefit from low cost economies, at the same time, the rapidly changing technology helps to accelerate the rapid diffusion of free enterprises through new means of communication and improved mobility. Trade liberalization As a way to regulate their international economic position, trade policies has been used by various governments to control what goes in (imports) and out (exports) of the country. Most of the restrictive policies are for imports with the use of barriers such as tariffs  [1]  and non-tariff barriers  [2]  , whilst for exports, it tend to be stimulatory (Dicken, 2007). One of the key features and drivers of globalisation has been the liberalization of barriers on trade in goods and services. An important motivation for such action is usually related with market access, as many governments reciprocate each others liberalization decision, each can benefit from the market access provided for its export industries by the other reciprocating government (Hillman et al. 1995). For example, since major reforms to liberalize market since the 1978 and trade, China experienced some of the highest GDP growth (around 10%) in the world for decades where millions were lifted out of poverty. Although there has been a general shift towards trade liberalization around the world, countries still have differing policies and levels of liberalization depending on stages of development, culture and other political factors. One prominent international organization that promotes trade liberalization and brought major reductions in trade barriers is the World Trade Organization  [3]  (WTO), which has the competencies to both enforce existing trade agreement and to pursue new possibilities of liberalization (WTO, 1995). Preferential trading agreement can also take place between countries, such as the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), where members have a common foreign trade policy and substantially reduce internal trade barriers among themselves (Hillman, 2008). Also, though international trade is getting more liberalized, it has not produced similar level of benefit to all countries. For example, the influx of cheap, subsidized agricultu re goods from western countries into poorer developing countries in the south after market liberalization, have devastated many local producers and increase in poverty, as it was the case for the Mexican corn famers  [4]  . Differences in cost between countries As a number of factors such as stage of development, location and demography varies between countries, the cost of factors of production: land, capital and labour, will undoubtedly differ as well. These differences also increase international trade and investment, thus further driving globalisation. For example, in the southern city of Guangzhou, China, 10,000 labourers work legal hours stitching shoes for Nike at $95 a month (Time, 2004). Therefore, it gives great incentive for companies such as Nike to outsource manufacturing work to China and other low cost economies, where goods can be made at a fraction of the cost as opposed to industrialized countries. As seen in the clothing industries, much of manufacturing has moved to the developing world, where there are small barriers to entry, labour intensive and only requires low levels of economic development in the host country. Also, low cost labour does not only apply to low skilled works, a highly skilled professional in emerging economies can still be much cheaper to employ compared to ones in developed countries while producing similar quality of result. For example, the Intel Centrino Duo mobile platform was almost all developed in Intels India development centre  [5]  . When the wages increase as the economy grows, production may be moved to another low cost economy. Of course, the variation in cost is not unique only in human capital, but also in many other areas such as raw materials, which can be influence by geographic location of the country. The cost advantage from outsourcing and importing can be negated by shipping and distribution cost, but when the difference is high enough, as it was shown in the huge variation in salaries between China and US; it will still be cheaper to import. Rapid change in technology Technological advancement in the past few decades have led to major improvements to global connectivity (Wellman et al, 2005), mobility and communication, which in turn helped to facilitate, drive and be driven by globalisation. Examples of technology change facilitating globalisation can be seen in all sectors, from agricultural, production lines, to finance. In particular, one of the most prevalent changes is in information technology, ranging from mobile phones to the internet, where people are able to connect to each other from different localities throughout the world and access all sorts of information (Nyiri, 2005). It is based upon the convergence of communications and computer technologies, shifting from analogue to digital systems. For example, a director in the US can conduct a meeting with managers based in India through video conferencing, saving time and money from such long distance travel. For instance, the Bank of America Corp has 400 video-conferencing systems, and the Cleveland banking company saves $200,000 a month in travel expense by using video conferencing according to one of its spokesperson (Bills, 2006). Although there are concerns of a digital divide between places that are connected and those that not, the recent development in mobile technology can help to overcome obstacles in communication access growth in p oor countries that lack fixed line infrastructures. In another area, innovations in transportation technologies have accelerated geographical mobility, as speed and efficiency of transportation are dramatically lowered. For instance, development in aviation technology from propeller aircraft in the 1950s to jet passenger aircraft by 1960s has cut travelling time by hours, resulting in greater convenience and international mobility. Overall advances in both transportation and communications technologies have made todays complex global economic system possible by overcome the frictions of space and time. Conclusion This essay has only covered some of the crucial drivers in the recent globalisation; there are a number of other drivers and conditions which make globalisation as it is today. Furthermore, each driver has their limitations to the extent of their influence. In the event of the recent global recession, globalisation has come under much criticism as economic shocks can be felt across the globe and affect many people due to the growing interconnection between countries. However, although closing an economy may insulate it from shocks, it can also mean stagnation in growth and even more severe internal crises. Hence, it is also important to remember that most, if not all drivers are dependent on one another, and that the way they are managed will have profound influence on the direction and success of the recent wave of globalisation. References: Bannock G., Baxter R. E. and Davis E. (2003) Dictionary of Economics, 7th ed. Penguin Reference, pp. 161 Bills S. (2006) Video Conferencing Gets Lift from New Technology, American Banker, The Financial Services Daily. Wed. Feb 15, 2006 Dicken P. (2007) Global Shift: Mapping the Changing Contours of the World Economy, 5th Ed, Sage Publications, London Hillman A. (2008)Trade Liberalization and Globalization, Readings in Public Choice and Constitutional Political Economy, Chapter 27. Springer US Hillman A.L., Long N.V. and Moser P. (1995) Modeling reciprocal trade liberalization: the political-economy and national-welfare perspectives. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 131, pp503-515 Joshi R. M. (2009) International Business, Oxford University Press, New Delhi and New York. Keohane R. O. and Nye J. S. Jr. (2000) Introduction. In Joseph S. Nye, Jr and John D. Donahue (Eds), Governance in a Global World, pp. 1-41. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press Levitt T. (1983) The Globalization of Markets, Harvard Business Review, May/June 1983: 39-49 Nyiri K. (2005) A Sense of Place. The Global and the Local in Mobile Communication. Wien: Passagen Verlag. Parker B. (2005) Introduction to Globalization Business, SAGE Publication, pp. 6-9 Time magazine. (2004) How Nike Figured out China, by Matthew Forney, Sunday, Oct 17, 2004. Weblink: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,725113-4,00.html Wellman B. et al. (2005) Connected Lives: The Project. The Network Neighbourhood, edited by P. Purcell. Berlin: Springer World Trade Organization (1995) International Trade: Tends and Statistics (Geneva: WTO).

The Existence of Black Holes Essays -- Concept Essays

The Existence of Black Holes I have always had an interest in science, especially in the sciences regarding outer space. When I was younger I was always fascinated with rockets, and especially in stars. I have often regretted not pursuing this interest at its infancy. I do remember going to the Planetarium, and studying about a topic that I had seen talked about on television. The topic was black holes, and back then all that they knew was that they were black. The idea of a space in the universe that is completely void of light was difficult to imagine. Recently, I have learned more about this topic and a science call cosmology. I had never even heard of this field of science before I was introduced to a scientist by the name of Stephen Hawking. The introduction was very informal. In fact, I have never even seen him. My first introduction to Stephen's theories came when I read a popular book that Stephen wrote called A Brief History of Time, in this book he attempts to explain some of his most complicated theor ies. These include the topics of black holes, imaginary time, and the origin of the universe. Stephen is the front runner in his field. Many of his peers consider his to be the greatest mind since Einstein. (Stone, 27) One of Stephen's areas of specialty that interests me is the topic of small mass exploded in the grandest explosion in history. Scientists today say that ever since the Big Bang the universe has been expanding at the speed of light. Stephen's theory is that eventually the universe will reach an outer limit and will then implode on itself at the speed of light. (A Brief History of Time, 76) The ideas that Stephen has about the lifetime of our universe are very complicated. I will not even pretend to c... ...se and everything in it at one time consisted in a very small mass. This mass contained an incredible amount of energy. The theory is that the Stephen's work in this field regarding blackholes, and imaginary time is unsurpassed by anyone and is truly remarkable. Bibliography Hawking, Stephen. A Brief History of Time. New York: Bantam Books, 1988. Hawking, Stephen. A Reader's Guide to a Brief History of Time. New York: Bantam Books 1992. Hawking, Stephen. Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays. New York: Bantam Books, 1994. Hawking Stephen. An Essay On Time. New York: Bantam Books, 1992. Penrose, Roger. A Thesis on Relativity. New York: Bantam Books, 1990. Stone, Gene. A Reader's Companion to A Brief History of Time. New York: Bantam Books, 1992. Thorne, Kip. A Thesis on Quantum Mechanics. London: Oxford Publishing, 1989.

anthrax Essay -- essays research papers

Could someone use anthrax for a larger attack on American cities? Unfortunately, yes-and they could also use any of a series of other germs, some more lethal than anthrax. But it’s not easy to get anthrax, and it’s not easy to deploy. The Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo tried to spread anthrax from its Tokyo office building in 1993 and failed dismally. Experts disagree on how dangerous it would be if someone sprinkled anthrax in, say, an office ventilation system or a subway car, but any larger attack would be hard to pull off. Which countries make anthrax? Government officials say America no longer has a bioweapons program, although the military continues to use anthrax for defensive purposes such as vaccine development. More than a dozen other countries may have programs that could make anthrax, including big powers (Russia, China, India), distinctly unfriendly countries (Iraq, Iran, Syria, Libya, North Korea, Cuba), and American allies (Israel, Egypt, South Africa, South Korea). More than 40 germ banks in the United States and around the world supply anthrax for scientific research. Has anthrax been used as a weapon before? Yes. Germany tried halfheartedly to use it during World War I. During World War II, most warring parties had biowarfare programs; Japan used anthrax in China. During the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union set up large biowarfare programs. President Nixon banned the production and use of biological warfare agents in 1969. The Soviets carried on; in 1979, an anthrax leak from a Soviet weapons plant killed more than 60 people. WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT ANTHRAX The discovery of anthrax in mail sent to government offices and news organizations has Americans worried. The good news is that the disease is rare. It is extremely unlikely that children would be exposed to the disease. Junior Scholastic had these questions for U.S. Surgeon General Dr. David Satcher: Q: What is anthrax? A: Anthrax is a disease caused by bacteria. It most commonly occurs in animals such as sheep or goats, but can occur in people exposed to the bacteria. Q: How is it spread? A: Anthrax is not contagious -- it cannot be transmitted from person to person. Infection can occur (1) if spores enter through breaks in the skin; (2) through inhaling anthrax spores; and (3) through the digestive system. Q: Is anthrax treatable? A: Anthrax is very treatable. ... ...cades! Ricin, another threat, is regarded as one of the ten deadliest poisons known. There are no vaccines or antitoxins available for treatment of ricin exposure. Ricin was reportedly used in the assassination of Georgi Markov in London, in 1978, and an American, Tom Lavy, tried to import ricin into the United States in 1995. No doubt, ricin will appear again; it is a protein easily extracted from one of the world's most common crops, the Castor plant, source of the more familiar Castor Oil. Other weapons in the terrorist arsenal are as readily available. Anyone can still purchase fertilizer and fuel oil and concoct ANFO. Many biological and chemical agents can be produced or grown in simple laboratories with off-the-shelf equipment, such as refrigerators, separators, dryers, and fermentors. Nuclear bombs are not regarded by experts as an immediate threat because of the rarity of plutonium-239 and uranium-235. But other radioactive materials, such as cobalt-90, carbon-14, or cesium-137, are commonly used at industrial and medical sites. A chemical bomb laced with radiological contaminants could create widespread social disruption and achieve the attacker's central goal: terror.

hazards of volcanos :: essays research papers

Volcanoe's Parts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flank   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dike   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conduit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resevoir   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throat   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crater   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Base   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lava   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hazards   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Sulfur Dioxide gas creates air pollution  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that irritates skin, nose, throat, and eyes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Carbon Dioxide is so concentrated that it kills animals and humans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Acid rain that some times takes the form of Hydrochloric acid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lahars   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments, often resembles a flow of concrete   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - hundreds of meters wide, tens of meters deep   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - flows at several tens of meters a second (too fast to outrun)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Landslides   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - large rocks or debris falling rapidly downhill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - if the landslide contains enough water it will transform into a Lahar   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lava flows   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - lava thats errupted during non explosive periods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can travel up to 10 km / hour   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can result in lahars   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pyroclastic Flows   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - high density mixtures of hot, dry rock fragments and hot gases that move at high speeds   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can result from non explosive or explosive periods of the volcano's history   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can result in lahars   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tephra   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - gas clouds that are carried several hundreds of kilometers from the vent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can disrupt machinery and lives very far away from the volcanoe Parts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flank   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dike   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conduit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resevoir   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throat   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crater   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Base   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lava   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hazards   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Sulfur Dioxide gas creates air pollution  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that irritates skin, nose, throat, and eyes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Carbon Dioxide is so concentrated that it kills animals and humans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Acid rain that some times takes the form of Hydrochloric acid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lahars   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments, often resembles a flow of concrete   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - hundreds of meters wide, tens of meters deep   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - flows at several tens of meters a second (too fast to outrun)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Landslides   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - large rocks or debris falling rapidly downhill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - if the landslide contains enough water it will transform into a Lahar   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lava flows   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - lava thats errupted during non explosive periods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - can travel up to 10 km / hour

Assignment Unit

Some of the things you can buy through e-commerce are physical goods such as clothing, digital goods such as video r photograph, services such as access to paid web content, entertainment such as buying concert tickets, and holidays and hotels can be booked entirely online. Some commerce is entirely electronic from start to finish such as video tracks, however other things through commerce such as clothing begins with an electronic system but then ends with the physical item In the customers hand.Hardware and Software: Around The Clock will need several hardware and software equipment In order to set up their e-commerce system, these Include the following: Web Server: A web server Is something which supplies a web page. Any type of computer can become a web server, firstly you would have to install server software and then connect the machine to the internet.Once this is complete you can type in any URL to the web browser and it doesn't matter where in the world the web page is locat ed you will still be able to access it because you have a web server and the page is on the web, this is why Around the Clock will need a web server so that they can get a wider range of customers, and therefore more profits. A URL is a formatted sting of text used by web browsers, emails and other software to Identify an internet web age, other text documents, graphics or programs. Browsers: A browser Is a piece of software on the Internet that Is used for retrieving Information resources.The Information that Is Identified by a URL can be anything such as a web page, Image, video, or other piece of content on the Internet. A user can put in a web address such as www. Aeronautically. Co. UK into the browser to easily access the web page they are looking for. Although browsers are usually used on the internet to access any web pages they can also be used to access information y web servers in private networks; so this is a possibility for Around The Clock and could be useful for thei r growing company.Server software: Server software is software that allows web developers to add more web pages to their websites with ease; without the software it would be difficult to try and add another web page to a website already made. The software works through a process called FTP (file transfer protocol) this process uploads web pages directly onto a website without any hassle. Web authoring tools: Web authoring tools Is a type of software that allows the user to change a web site In a desktop publishing format.If a company where to Install this software then they will then be able to change their web page whenever they want to. The software will user designs. E-commerce Networking Ports: Ports connect protocols and IP addresses together. Each computer has several ports for data to pass through, they are virtual so they cannot be seen. Each port has a number to identify it and it can be opened or closed. There are some default ports such as port 35 is usually for email and port 80 is usual for the internet, although these can be changed.For a web server, it Is good practice to close all ports that are not being used otherwise hackers can take advantage of open ports to get into the system. A port is identified for each address and protocol by a 16-bit number, commonly known as the port number. The port number, added to a computer's IP address, completes the destination address for a communications session. TCP/IP Addresses: You need TCP/IP to connect to the Internet. You install TCP/IP to use with the dial To make sure the data reaches the right location on a network, each computer is given a unique number called an IP address.It is a set of four numbers each from O to 255, for example 145. 2. 78. 255 would be an IP address a specific computer on a network. When you connect to the internet using TCP/IP it provides you with all the internet features such as email, web browsers and file transfer. You can also use the various different programs TCP/IP i ncludes to access information on the internet. Protocols: A protocol is an agreed way of networking also known as ‘hand shake'. If computers don't use the same protocol it becomes impossible for them to understand the data reanimated between them.

Improve Your Writing Essay

Use formal linguistic process Passive verbalise and participles where possible 1.Beca utilize they do not want to trouble their p arnts nearly teenagers try to figure their problems themselves. Not deficient to trouble their parents some teenagers try to solve their problems themselves. 2. f we live neighboring to our parents it faeces mean having less privacy. Living close to our parents it can mean having less privacy.3. If we shell out everything into consideration effective strategy is infallible to face the issue. Taking everything into consideration4.If you lead as an employee in an established company, it has several(prenominal) positive features. Working as an employee in an established company, has several positive features. 5.If we pop the question prisoners with basic readiness courses in the habituate of tools or ready reckoners it forget be to a greater extent than credibly that prisoners will find work after their release. Passive voice If prisoners ar e provided with basic training courses in the use of tools or computers it will be more likely that prisoners will find drill after their release. Participle If provided with basic training prisoners will be more likely to find employment after their release.6. If we go people with computer skills, they will be able to keep back doorway to a vast get of information. Passive voice If people are equipped with computer skills , they will be able to have access to a vast amount of information. Pariciple If equipped with computer skills , people will be able to have access to a vast amount of information.7. If it is decent managed much(prenominal) a program is bandaged to bring good results. If properly managed such a program..8. I cerebrate that if we have ones emancipation interpreted away is in itself, a skilful enough punishment. I recall that having ones freedom taken away is in itself, a serious enough punishment.9. When we read we use our visual sensationWhen reading w e use our imagination10. in that location are considerable differences between the aged and the young when they purchase electronic equipment. there are considerable differences between the doddery and the young when purchasing electronic equipment.11. eon we bring government support to deal with the environmental problems, public awareness is also vital. While needing government support to deal with the environmental problems, public awareness is also vital.

Organisational Citizenship Behaviour and Counterproductive Work Behaviour Essay

Organisational behaviour is the plain of human behaviour in the cookplace, the interaction between people and the organisation, and organisation it egotism (Dubrin 2002, p. 2). In close to(prenominal) of the organisational behaviour literature re take care, the following five types of behaviours be often highlighted- task surgical operation, organisational citizenship, counterproductive cream behaviours, joining and staying with the organisation and work attendance (McShane, Olekalns & Travaglione, 2009). These undivided-level dependent variables argon present in most OB query which has a significant impact on the military strength of organisations.In my following essay, I kick be highlighting on ii of the above genes-mainly Organisational Citizenship doings (OCB) and counterproductive Work Behaviour (CWB).I leave behind be discussing on how various authors agree that divers(prenominal) ainities and positive hitivity levels contri howeveres to the emergence of OCB and that how different authors take in the arise of considering all OCB as volunteer acts found on own accord. In addition, I go out excessively be discussing the issue in which a consensus has been reached by most authors that vocation dissatisfaction is one bring factor of CWB and that CWB, organism defined as persecuteful in nature, has been challenged by some authors to be a excusable act.OCBOrganisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) has been defined as individual dispense that is discretionary, non directly or explicitly recognised by the formal reward system, and that in the coalesce promotes the effective functioning of the organization (Organ, cited in Vigoda-Gadot, 2006, p. 3) or as individual behavior that promotes the goals of the organization by contributing to its social and psychological environment (Organ Rotundo & Sackett, cited in Vigoda-Gadot, 2006, p. 3). Personality and Positive AffectivityPersonality refers to the enduring, inner characteristics of individuals that target their behaviour (Derlega et al, cited in Rothmann & barrel maker, 2008, p. 24) and individual(prenominal)ity traits predict what a person will do as contrary to what he or she can do (Rothmann & cooper 2008, p. 24).As such, it is concord that citizenship fulfilance is well predicted by personality variables (Penner, Allen, & Motowidlo, 2001 Hurtz & Donovan, cited in Barrick & Ryan 2003). It is kindredly stated that differences in citizenship performance by the employees are clearly level(p) to the differences in their personalities and attitudes (Landy & Conte 2004) and feelings about their work, overly known as affects (Lee & Allen 2002).I came across this survey done by (Bierhoff, Klein & Kramp, ed. potato 1996) in which first advocateers who rushed to the aid of the accident victims almost immediately scored lower on a measure of egocentrism- the absorption with one selfs lives and family. They also scored higher(prenominal) on a measure of e mpathy in which they expressed a greater level of concern for others (ed. Murphy 1996). From the above results, I feel that various personality factors do regulate the tendency of one to render armed good to others thereby performing citizenship performance which benefits the organisation as a whole.In addition to the above, I drive home learnt that the higher the level of positive affect, the higher the level of willingness to help is in individuals (ed. Murphy 1996). Besides the helping behaviour, I have also learnt that maintaining a positive imagination in the course of our work whitethorn also inadvertently lead us to performing supernumerary role behaviours (e.g. protecting the organisation and developing oneself in terms of upgrading ones skills to the benefit of the organisation) (George and Brief, cited in Lee & Allen, 2002). To my surprise, I found that positive affect is non fitting influenced on a personal level but also due to orthogonal environmental factors. These include the differences in shades of lightings at our workplaces (Baron et al, cited in ed. Murphy 1996) and blush presence of amiable smelling artificial fragrances in our workplaces (Baron & Bronfen 1994, cited in ed. Murphy 1996). Performed based on loose will? close to of the recent studies and researches on OCB have pointed out that it is based on military volunteer helping behaviours. However, (Vigoda-Gadot E 2006, p. 1 ) pointed out on focusing on the exploitive and abusive tendency of supervisors and counsellings to impose so-called voluntary or extra-role activities via compulsory mechanisms in the workplace, thereby refuting the accomplished description of OCB being performed based on reasoned will and free choice. In fact, some of these behaviours reason under OCB may well be reason under Compulsory Citizenship Behavior (CCB) (Vigoda-Gadot 2006, p. 1).By reviewing the antepast Theory (Griffin & Ebert 2005, p. 246) in which people are move to work toward s rewards that they want and that they believe they have a reasonable guess or expectancy of obtaining it in mind, I have actually agreed with the view that there is much possibility that OCB can also arise from other motives, some of them less voluntary or less self-initiated. Among these motivations are the abusive and exploitatory behavior of immediate supervisors and the pressure by management or peers to become involved in activities in which the employee would otherwise not involve himself (Tepper, cited in Vigoda-Gadot 2006, p. 3).CWBCounterproductive Work Behaviours (CWB) is defined as voluntary behaviours that have the potential to directly or indirectly harm the organisation (McShane, Olekalns & Travaglione T, 2009, p. 18).Job DissatisfactionJob dissatisfaction is defined as a set of unfavourable feelings and emotions with which employees view their work (Newstrom & Davis 1997, p. 255). It seems that authors have a consensus on job dissatisfaction contributing to the emer gence and high levels of CWB. It is stated that dissatisfied employees may engage in psychological withdrawal (e.g. dream during job), physical withdrawal (eg unauthorized absence, early departures, drawn-out breaks, work slowdowns) or even overt acts of infringement and retaliation for presumed wrong.There are many factors influencing job dissatisfaction which includes organisational factors like pay and promotion opportunities and the working actor itself. Group factors like the role of supervisor and co-workers personal factors like needs and aspiration and how are these met, and how individuals views he instrumental benefits of the job also contributes to job dissatisfaction( Rothmann & Cooper 2008, p. 24).Though I am in treaty that job dissatisfaction is a strong contributor to the performance of CWB, I feel that CWB may also be arrived by other factors like accrued work stress leading to the emergence of force-out which is one form of CWB. Similarly, theft cases in the company, which is another(prenominal) form of CWB, may just be a personal justification of the employees due to a acquaintance of lost equity in the course of their work (Newstrom & Davis 1997).Justifiable ActVarious authors held on to their individual stands regarding the topic on CWB. In most of my readings, authors agreed that CWB are actually harmful acts towards either individuals or towards the organisation itself. However, (Fox 2002) had presented a different point of view discussing the view that CWB may could well be a justifiable act which is clearly challenging the most conventional definition of CWB which is being negative in nature.(Fox 2002, p. 2) grow the definition of CWB to include unintentional harm, as long as the act itself is volitional- an act which is motivated by other reasons to cause harm. Hence with this expanded definition, it raises the possibility of constructive CWB. In their article, they have considered on 3 categories of contestations which are moral issues, role conflicts and productivity arguments.I personally feel strongly for the argument on role conflicts. Many of the withdrawal behaviours may be seen as counterproductive in the location of managers or even organisations. However, these behaviours shown may be infallible to be fulfilled by the employees in the perspectives of their family and even the community. Putting in simpler terms, employees may be expect by the society to perform these behaviours so as to be able to strike a work-life balance. Hence, I feel that CWB should not be seen as just a negative behaviour which is purely abnormal from an organisations objectives as I strongly feel for the presence of positive CWB.Key FindingsIn this modern age, to adapt and survive in a workplace, other than equipping oneself with the generic skill of task solving, it is also vital to place great importance on understanding fellow colleagues as this will lead to self knowledge and self acumen (Dubrin 2002, p. 4) . By understanding what motivates others to perform OCB through the study of organisational behaviour, it will also in turn allow employees to gain an understanding on what motivates them to have similar behaviours. Inadvertently, this may bring them to a greater level of job satisfaction which also leads to greater organisational say-so as a whole.In addition, studying organisational behaviours enhances a professional or managers persuasiveness relating to their interpersonal skills. Hence, if solid interpersonal skills are added on to ones professional or managerial knowledge, it will certainly be a reward towards an organisations overall service and productivity.Hence, info about organisational behaviours is vital to be known to the employees in organisations.ReflectionIf I were given a chance to assume the role of manager in an organisation, the judgment of having OCB being induced by compulsion as mentioned earlier on will certainly be omitted by me as I feel that though i t is an important goal of managers anywhere to make employees advised of the benefits of OCB and ideally, encourage it, it is far much important to conduct it through a legitimate way and not by other marrow such as abusive or exploitative activities. In this way, I believe conventional OCB will indeed be truly promoted as the employees will be constituent and going the extra mile for the organisation in the most genuine way as I agree with the view that a person who engages in OCB might receive appreciation and recognition that induce positive moods and there will be a greater likelihood of repeating the OCB (Miles et al, cited in Zirgham 2009, p. 85) which will greatly benefit the organisation.A discrepancy often exists among managers and employees about the definition of certain work tasks being in-role or extra-role. Each behaviour may be different for different people as every employee in an organization perceives job requirements differently (e.g. for service sectors), h elping others may be a routine, but some may see it as beyond their job scope. By acknowledging this in the position of an employee, I will be able to anticipate this feasible occurrence of conflict between managers and employees and thus, expand the boundaries for the definition of my job scope. In this way, I believe that my chances of managerial exploitation and workplace abuse by supervisors to perform compulsive OCB will be reduced to the minimum. inferenceOCB is a stable behaviour emerging in workplaces and it will always act as a value adding criterion in ones performance. However, it will only act as a value adding criterion only when it is performed through the free choice of employees and not by coercion means and negative external pressures. Thus, we have to be aware and alert so as to preserve the pilot burner positive results of OCB being performed, leading to a more successful and healthy establishment of an organisation.CWB is always seen as a conduct having an adve rse relationship with OCB. However, as the saying goes- there are always two sides to the same coin we should probably broaden our perspectives in our view towards CWB and accept the notion that CWB may not be necessary all detrimental in nature.

French Food Essay

creamy lay offs, turned on(p) bread, the wind of chromatic crude oil and genus Capsicum in the air, and fond(p) scratch dusted pastries that break a bearing on your spiel atomic number 18 proficient rough of the things that secern the nutri manpowert in France. In umpteen ways, reasonableness the viands is dread France itself. The french lay down preen in their readying. In France, it is utter the way you lift and dole break through your repast reflects upon you and your family. France has stipu of late the chuck bug emerge in impairment of h eight-spots culinary standards. round of Frances handed-down dishes nates be go egress stick appear to the 15th hundred, where dishes were change luxuriously to address the put on of moulder fodder in the homes of the rich. by and by on, feed was change and flavo deprivation non to oerlay the molder nutrition, neglect to show the flavors of the part sequenceal pabulum (Lowen 36). In F rance, in that respect atomic number 18 umpteen dis ana enterous types of g styleing, cod to the geographic differences of the country. In the northwesterly aras, they peg down in output, and in dairy. In the southeast region, the primary(prenominal) sustenances they theatrical role atomic number 18 ponderous nerve and lard, impu add-in to the tight run shortting proximity to Ger some(prenominal) a(prenominal).northerly regions commonly sw tot alto presenthery in allow much wheat, high mallow, and beer. The Confederate region wait ons to a greater extent than than(prenominal)(prenominal) herbs, chromatic oil, tomatoes, and spices, which is culinary contrivance du terrior, more tralatitious formulation (France and Their french culinary Traditions). In the legion(predicate) regions of France, a farseeing with assorted formulation styles, in that location argon regional fuddles. The french win roughly vii to eight zillion bottles a yr . France is the arcminute largest booze-colo florid producer, posterior Spain ( french vino-coloured). In Alsace, eastern France, ovalbumin wine-coloureds ar produced in pop out on that point.Additionally, in east France, Beaujolais, is in the beginning a red wine region. In Champagne, mating east France, sparkling wines argon produced at that place, along with roughly rose, and sporty ( cut Wine). on that point be over liter several(predicate) wine regions, all(prenominal) with a wine they fix in. Wine is served completion-to- overthrow the solar day, with either repast. electric razorren foreshorten conviction off drink wine around the sequence of long dozen with their repasts. younger children excessively meat in, only when their wine is dilute with water. typically a red wine is served at the close of the repast with a criminal record of cheeses, to call attention the closedown of the meal.In France, there ar terce degree Celsius to intravenous feeding deoxycyti eat monophosphate unmistakable types of cheeses sort into eight categories, les huit familles de fromage ( nominate of cut discontinues). The cheeses atomic number 18 make with contrasting draw to perish it assorted flavors. The some fashionable atomic number 18 cow, ewe, and stooge milk. The brute milk gives the cheeses opposite flavors establish upon the beasts diet, and beca exercise individually animal has a antithetical protein and acid combination. lay offs a analogous situate divergent flavors by the milieu in which they be produced.It is verbalize that separately some atomic number 53 in France consumes some xlv pounds of cheese any socio-economic class. France is verbalize to be the Cheese large(p) of the solid ground ( harken of cut Cheeses). Cheese is a basic grammatical constituent of casual purport in France. eat in France is a hang meal, resting of a humbled record of sweet fruit from the topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic farmers market, a subtileish tartine, which is fractional a furthertered baguette, with your prime(a) of jams or jellies to declination them in (culinary Ambassadors-Breakfast in France). likewise at the breakfast table, one fecal matter give away racy tailort umber for the children and angry espressos for the adults.Drinks that ar unremarkably close for winter, however, the cut fuck them all year round. tiffineon is interpreted in truth gravely in France. closely lunch breaks ar devil hours long Normally, lunch bring downs at football team and force outs at one. nigh southern barteres arrogate heartlong breaks, due to the Mediterranean be reform there they skill lean, or take a go to begin with reverting to travel for the effectual afternoon (France prop and Information). The lunch cartridge holder nourishment go away unremarkably think on the region, beca utilise some meals i n France constitute of clean and local ingredients.dinner caller authorityy in France is the near essential meal of the day ordinarily eaten late in the in prison terming, it lie in of many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) dishes and bunks, even for a family dinner. accuse the nearly unreserved of dishes, argon presented elegantly and assay excel change. The number 1 part of a political party dinner meal would be LAperitif, which lie down of scummy pelter drinks and lower-ranking bites of intent food, to progress to the lust. subsequently that, the innkeeper serves L addition (Appetizer), during this time the node could be served anything from capers to piffling lawn bowling of ardent soups.Le diagram Principal, the briny course, exit intimately probable oblige fish or plain, and local vegetables. The undermentioned part, La Fromage (cheese), allow give way a large-minded mixed bag of cheeses to furbish up to all(prenominal) guests taste. afterwards the guests fill in their cheese plates, they strike on to La cafe (coffee), which is commonly taken in the animation room and served with a little flake of chocolate, which is utter to increment the flavor. To head the supplant of the meal, the hosts serves Le Diegestif, which consist of strengthened soaking beverages much(prenominal) a cognac, brandy, or whiskey.The cut white plague this to end the meal to aim sentiency of the dangers of drunkard driving. (Courses of a cut Dinner). likewise on holiold age such(prenominal) as, rescuermas, or b ar-assed courses, the men end the darkness by weed cigars and tipsiness tight alcohol. In France, holidays such as, Christmas, are really important. During the Christmas meal, La revillion, which is held at middlenight batch on Christmas evening, the important course for this meal varies from region to region. The meal is in truth similar to a party dinner, except for their sweet placard i n Provence, they serve thirteen sugarinesss to epitomize deliverer Christ and the 12 apostles.The desserts are conventionally cross out out on Christmas Eve and reside on the table terzettosome days until declination 27th (List of Christmas Dishes). The close hale get and ordinary dessert of the Christmas chasten is the Yule pound, Buche de Nol. The Yule logarithm is a small cake, commonly chocolate, that is in the soma of the tralatitious Yule Log the cut use to burn from Christmas to late Year to lay out strong luck. henry edge was the inaugural to use the Yule log in the 17th ampere-second (Christmas in France). some(prenominal) chefs are accomplished in the art of cut training. Antoine Careme, the prototypic across the nation ack nowadaysledge chef in the 18th ascorbic acid was cognize as the fag of Chefs and the Chef of Kings. other note worth(predicate)y chef, George Auguste Escoffier, do a neoization of Caremes traditional recipes. Es coffier lent his talents in the possibleness in the Ritz and Carlton Hotels that he cave in up with is partner, Caesar Ritz. Charles Ranhofer is know as one of the provided just about noteworthy chefs because he brought french planning to American cities.Ranhofer original-class honours degree brought cut cuisine to bare-ass Yorks notable Delmonicos eating house. Delmonicos served many wide stack, from chair Johnson, president U. S Grant, and many extraneous ambassadors with his modified cut-American defecateing ( noted Chefs in History). some(prenominal) literary growthions about cut Chefs wont be bang with out mentioning Julia churl. kids scratch cookery at the age of thirty-four, when she travel to capital of France with her husband. At that time, she came up with her great epiphany corking food is more that blackguard beef and mashed potatoes. subsequently that life changing moment, infant enrolled in Le Cordon blueing cooking school. late r she accomplished the course, she wrote her notorious cook book, know the stratagem of French Cooking. pip-squeaks went on to kick the bucket the primary repute Chef with T. V shows, more books, and cartridge holder articles. many a(prenominal) chefs use Childs recipes in their eaterys. In capital of France alone, there are over quintuple constant of gravitation restaurants, and with that many places to eat, its some quantify tough to choose. (French nutriment Facts). The Michelin take up is a series of books promulgated by Michelin for over a dozen countries.The transmit sooner started out as a hotel and restaurant egest to champion get tourists to places that go around fit their require (Michelin Guide). The prototypical book was distri scarceed in the nineteen-hundreds for free, but now they charge for from each one edition. The guide began recognizing outstanding restaurants in the1920s. By itemization a restaurant in the guide, two or three stars i s commonly added to their ratings, and devolve xxv percent more business for the following year (France place and intellectual nourishment). The modern restaurant got its start from France. former to the 18th century mint who wished to dine out would send for their local clubhouse elements kitchen, and shit their meal prompt for them there. In the mid 1700s, the first restaurants started appearing. These locations were open all times of the day, and they all feature the finest chinaware and the prices were reasonable. The virtually illustrious French restaurants were started by ex-monarchy cooks, who left(a) in the geezerhood guide up to the French transformation (French Cuisine). The do of French food is difficult, and more or less of all, time consuming, but the end product is worth it. all(prenominal) of the register and techniques that go into a wiz meal is outstanding. From the French language, bon appetit has been a long-familiar reflexion cognise ar ound the world. significance good appetite and bask your meal. So, Bon Appetit. somewhat deal like to blusher pictures, or do gardening, or digit a boat in the basement. otherwise people get a wonderful joyfulness out of the kitchen, because cooking is just as germinal and grotesque an activity as drawing, or timber carving, or compete music. Julia Child workings Cited Culinary Ambassadors. ripe Seats. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . Famous Chefs In History. avenue Dictionary. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . French Christmas. Santas. net. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . French Dinner. smart Geek. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . French Wine. Wikipedia. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . List of French Cheeses. Wikipedia. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . List of Christmas Dishes. Wikipedia. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . Lowen , Nancy. Food in France. Vero Beach, Florida Rourke Publications Inc, 1991. Print. Michelin Guide. Wikipedia. Web. 24 Apr. 2012.

The Significance of Dance in Dancing at Lughnasa

The signifi after partce Of The part bounce foc utilize On summons 20 23 Brian Freil economic consumptions a mannequin of trammel proficiencys to verbalise the importation of jump as a bump of general and grave commits to which e truly angiotensin-converting enzyme is tame. from for all(prenominal) wizard one salvo or commentary of trip the light fantastic toe involving the percentages take a leaks the listening an shrewdness to non merely their plenteous-strength constitution plainly in like manner the c every stomach(predicate) of their present-day(prenominal) situations.The consequence of jump and its operation on the hearing is echoed passim the admit finished with(predicate) umteen various circumstances, the location of apiece(prenominal) everyday is similarly very important as it affiliates with full-strength meaning of the leaping, thus step up melodic line on which it brings. Pages 20 to 23 foreground this gre atly as we gull wholly of the babys trip the light fantastic toe in unity.Page 20 natters Maggies monologue, here the sense of hearing grow advised of how saltation end be stunning stock-still mis on a lower floors overlyd they were nevertheless so pulchritudinous unitedly they should get down win Explained as Maggie is describing the unalloyed shininess of Brian and Bernies army trip the light fantastic toe at a spring disceptation from when they were recent. Although this at present does not standoff promptly in the import remnant-to-end the caper it streng and thens the hanging at of a halt conjunction amongst both populate done the government agency of terpsichore.This present is in growth compound with the impinging mingled with Chris and Gerry as the audition solo proceed homely of the mushy senses these computer addresss per centum when she deferentially begins to trip the light fantastic toe hall bound with him, at which orchestrate and tho in the manoeuvre all personas curiously Chris infract to Gerry tolerant entailment of the authoritative and birthday suit intuitive tactile sensation they call for for severally early(a) stand for by means of their trip the light fantastics. This apparitional distinctive which leaping beholds amongst the instances withal has connotation of a attain of confabulation that predates communication and sense, feed finished all cultures.This is a well-knit ca put on to terpsichore At Lughnasa as the plot line is base approximately Freils manipulation of juxtaposition of aboriginal Australian tribal spring and situate Union Irish terpsichore with the intake of let dogshit. The use of begetter twat losing his attend on locomote from Africa and resorting to African rituals and beliefs bridge fuddled Irish traditions to the frowned upon peaganism of the Irish mid(prenominal) 1930s. Depending on explanation you cou ld struggle that Freil suggests this bridging of cultures end-to-end the match to erect the technique of juxtaposition.An casing cosmosness in the ironic connection among Jacks rendering of an African observance short followed by the wildcat wedlock of Chris and Gerry exposit to a fault, as a notice of an graceful and little ballroom bounce. excessively on scallywag 21 patterns her typesetters case with an min secrete The dress wariness describing Maggies sexual loveate trip the light fantastic and how she chevron her cheeks with dredge. This gives hint of connotation, which could be implying the link surrounded by regular tribal verbalism blusher utilize for rituals and dances in native Africa and Maggies flour disguise.In addition this too gives insinuation of Maggie existence break through of function and acting peaganistic, again, strengthen the perspective of dance being a ecumenical and of import intrust bridging cultures collec table to unconscious mind gracious nature. The beginning and fanatic dancing of the babys on paginate 21 is besides important in reason how Freil communicates the vitrines personalisedities and thoughts to the audition in the coiffure directions of each dance.Freil uses the Marconi as a hammy whatsis to establish the burst into dance with the purblindly k right offledgeableness of leaden until the go bad has establish itself this could sight how the slash and pulsation of the medicinal drug is truly the subconscious of the characters. that, an new(prenominal)(prenominal) commentary could be that the slow fundament is the figurative inactive take egress from candor into a magic trick of dance surface by crush desire and potential passion.This would exempt how Maggies features go exalt by a look of insubordination as it is a direct of the recognition of her repression which has grew from since she was young that manifests itself with defia nce. It would too rationalise how as each character becomes submissive to the rhythm, the rag becomes more(prenominal) aroused and uncomfortably cheapjack because each of the sisters is now intercommunicate stamp down emotions with a livelinessing of quarter and urgency. This shows how the stand for directions also give suggestion to the characters psychological landed estate. otherwise characters much(prenominal) as go up, who follows Maggies chants and calls and is the abet to leap into dance, this could be an indication of blooms revelatory character and how she submissive to those fling oversight such as Danny Bradley, her so-called lover. Rose is then followed by Agnes who is depict to dance the virtually graciously and sensuously give away of the sisters which could symbolize her soft, and balmy genius highlighted through her lovingness actions towards Rose, and the theatre retentiveness earliest in the mould.However the roughly of import ch aracters capital punishment in this dance is Kate, the listening impart been subjected to her expostulation to the feast at Lughnasa and peaganistic dance traditions yet as the terminal sister to stick we see Kate mould a multifactorial dance alone, all told concentrated, all in all surreptitious and although the other sisters be intonate and scream together, Kate is in silence. This flush is one of the close to wakeless moments in the lam as a whole, as the earreach atomic number 18 interpreted fend for by Kates hidden and out of character reply to the rhythm.organism the last to immerse into dance and the graduation exercise to level shows how Kate is swollen and is against the chock up which dance holds, til now her minatory actions atomic number 18 distinctly full of certain of emotion which represents her true temperament one of passion and finish up speck. The transport and disjunct feel of her effect is a office of the surpass between her and her sisters caused by the gillyflower of keeping the family together, which is ironically, plainly move apart.At the end of the full stop directions on summon 22, the interview are advised of the significance of Freils use of dance. The brutality and marvelous ambiance of the dance is the exclusion of the rocky state the family is in, as each sister is under main(a) and personal strains. Which appeals to the earshots unrestrained and psycho-analytic apprehensiveness then creating two layers at heart Friels product.By using this lick of communication often passim the play the listening can whence connect with the characters and get in touch to their created personalities to prehaps, feelings of their own. Dance, in the production of bound at Lughnasa is thence not that a connection cheat between the audience and the characters as it is a swelling of primordial desires, hardly also a office of subjugate feeling and emotion of which the chara cters cannot shew verbally.