Pvsyst Tutorial

PV-SYST Tutorials All the instructional exercises in this arrangement will show you how to utilize the fundamental elements of PV-SYST to plan a PV framework. This arrangement of instructional exercises works through how to utilize the product in both starter and task plan modes. The reason for this instructional exercise will be to plan a PV framework that fits on the zone characterized by the LDK top of the model utilized in the Ecotect_Tutorial. A multi day full working demo variant of the program can be downloaded from the PV-SYST website.Figure 1 presents the initial screen for PV-SYST after beginning the program. From this underlying window you can pick whether to attempt an examination by means of â€Å"Preliminary design† or â€Å"Project design† mode. Figure 1: Opening screen for PV-SYST1. Start PV-SYST from Start>>All Programs>>PV-SYST. The symbol for PV-SYST is introduced to the right.2. Select â€Å"Preliminary Design† from the accessible alternatives. This will raise another board called â€Å"System†.3. Select â€Å"Grid-Connected† in the System board. At that point select OK to continue.4.A new spring up window named â€Å"Grid framework presizing project† will show up, as introduced in Figure 2. Snap on the â€Å"Location† catch to continue.5. A second spring up window will show up called project’s area. In the Project name call the document â€Å"PV-SYST instructional exercise area Melbourne†6. Under the â€Å"Location† heading change the â€Å"Site† passage to â€Å"Melbourne Meteonorm†.7. Leave the other default boundaries, and snap OK to proceed. Note: In this fundamental structure we will expect that there is no close or far concealing on our planned PV system.8.In the â€Å"Grid framework presizing project† window select the â€Å"System† button.9. This opens another spring up window named â€Å"System Specifications† Note: In primer structure mode you have three choices to plan the system.System size can be set by 1) Active region; 2) Nominal Power or 3) Annual yield.Figure 2: Pop-up window Grid framework presizing venture 10. 11. 12. 13. Select Active territory (m2) as the strategy to decide the framework size. This will raise a field named â€Å"Area† enter the territory 54m2. This is the zone of the LDK rooftop. Enter 3â ° for tilt and 180 for Azimuth, I. e. ndicating that the rooftop is inclining towards south. Snap the â€Å"Next† catch to proceed. Note: Within the â€Å"System Specification† window you can rapidly see how your framework makes misfortunes in correlation a framework with ideal tilt and orientation.In this situation the misfortune as for the ideal is 12. 2%. 14. In the following window of the â€Å"System Specification† wizard select the module type and determinations. For this instructional exercise select: a. Module Type: Standard b. Innovation: Polyc rystalline c. Mounting manner: Facade or tilt rooftop d. Ventilation property: Ventilation . Snap OK to proceed. This will return you to the â€Å"Grid framework presizing venture window† 15. Select â€Å"Results† in the â€Å"Grid framework presizing venture window†. Another spring up window named results will show up. 16. The default results page shows up as introduced in Figure 3. From this window you can see the ostensible force and yearly yield from the framework. 17. Snap on the third graphical symbol button (which appears as though a table) situated down the left hand side of the outcomes page, as featured by the blue hover in Figure 3. This will raise the outcomes in table organization. 18.The outcomes page should now show the outcomes on a month to month premise, for the degree of insolation falling on a level plane and on the inclined plane that you planned your framework on (I. e. 3â ° slanting confronting south). 19. The outcomes likewise present on a month to month premise the yield of the PV framework. Note: the outcomes for a PV framework structured on 54m2 territory at 3â ° inclining confronting south accomplishes yearly yield of 6835 kWh. Anyway an ideally planned framework at 30 degrees tilt confronting north can accomplish a yearly yield of 7787 kWh for a similar cluster region. Subsequently our framework has lost 12. % contrasted with ideal tilt and orientated framework. Figure 3: Results page for â€Å"Preliminary Design† mode Project Design 1. After opening PV-SYST select the â€Å"Project Design† choice under the â€Å"Option† heading. Note: If you are proceeding from the accompanying instructional exercise, close all the open windows to come back to the primary PV-SYST window that was introduced in Figure 1. 2. Select â€Å"Grid-Connected† under the â€Å"System† heading and snap â€Å"OK† to proceed. This will raise another spring up window envisioned as introduced in Fig ure 4. 3. In the event that you wish to spare a duplicate of your record, click on the â€Å"Project† catch and fill in the separate details.For this instructional exercise we won't stress over sparing any subtleties. 4. Snap on the Project Button at that point click on the â€Å"Site and Meteo† button. This will raise a spring up window named â€Å"Project: Situation and Meteo†. Make the accompanying changes: a. Nation: Australia b. Site: Melbourne Meteonorm c. Meteo File: Melbourne_syn. met: Melbourne, Synthetic Hourly information. d. Snap â€Å"Next† to proceed. At that point click â€Å"Ok† in the new spring up window that shows up e. At last snap â€Å"Back (Calculation)† to come back to the fundamental window. Figure 4: Project window for â€Å"Project Design† mode. 5. Snap on the â€Å"Orientation† button 6.Within the Orientation spring up window change the accompanying boundaries a. Plane tilt: 3 degrees b. Azimuth: 180 degrees c. Field Type: Fixed Tilted Plane. d. Leave different boundaries at default settings and snap OK to proceed with Note: The skyline instrument is utilized to assign concealing components that show up off in the skyline that will shut out access to the sun. For instance a slope or mountain may shut out all the evening sun. For this instructional exercise there is no Horizon concealing. 7. Snap on â€Å"Near Shading†. This component characterizes components that are near the PV cluster which can cause concealing on the framework. 8.In this instructional exercise we will build a 3D scene to demonstrate the concealing encompassing the PV framework we need to put on the LDK top of the Ecotect instructional exercise house. 9. Snap on the â€Å"Construction/Perspective† button. This will raise an attracting window as introduced Figure 5. 10. First we will draw a harsh rendition of the LDK zone to put the PV plane. Select Object>>New>>Elementary Shading Obj ect from the fundamental toolbar menu. 11. Under the Parameters heading change the accompanying components: e. Shape type: Select â€Å"House, awry roof† starting from the drop box f. Width (DX): 8. 1m g. Length (DY): 7m h. Tallness at top: 2. 9m i.Roof 1 tilt point: 3 degrees j. Rooftop 2 tilt edge: 3 degrees k. Rooftop 1 proportion: 0 m l. Snap Ok to proceed. This will put the structure we just dimensioned in the demonstrating window. Figure 5: Construction/Perspective drawing window Note: You generally need to check the direction of any plane or building you draw. The structure you just drew will have the incline pointing in the west course. Snap on the component you need to modify, at that point select Object>>Position in scene from the principle toolbar menu. This will make an article situating toolbar dynamic in the upper right hand corner of the demonstrating window as introduced in Figure 6.Figure 6: Building object in displaying window with object situating too lbar dynamic. 12. Inside the â€Å"Object Positioning† toolbar change the Azimuth passage from zero to 90 degrees. 13. Next we will incorporate the tree that causes concealing. Select â€Å"Object>>New>>Elementary concealing object† from the primary toolbar. 14. Under the Parameters heading change the accompanying components: m. Shape type: Tree n. Medium-point stature: 2. 7m o. Medium stature: 2. 7m p. Low part stature: 2m q. Trunk stature: 2m r. Medium distance across: 4m s. Trunk measurement: 0. 5m t. Snap OK to proceed with u. Move the tree position 11. 5m in the north course and 3. m in the east bearing 15. Next we will incorporate the Neighboring structures that may cause concealing. Select â€Å"Object>>New>>Elementary concealing object† from the fundamental toolbar. 16. Under the Parameters heading change the accompanying components: v. Shape type: Parallelepipede w. Width (DX): 11. 3m x. Length (DY): 11. 5m y. Tallness: 5m 17. 18 . 19. 20. 21. z. Snap OK to proceed with aa. Move the neighboring structure 12. 8 m east and 3. 4m south Repeat and make a subsequent neighbor building 3m high, 10. 2m wide, 14. 1m long and counterbalance 26. 77m west and 12. 3m south. Next we will attract the PV Surface plane.Select â€Å"Object>>New>> Rectangular PV Plane† Under the gatherer plane heading change the accompanying components: bb. Nb. Of square shapes: 1 cc. Plane Tilt: 3 degrees dd. Width: 8. 1m ee. Length: 7 ff. Snap OK to proceed Adjust the Positioning of the PV plane to: gg. Tilt: 3 degrees hh. Azimuth: 180 degrees ii. West: 7m jj. Tallness: 2. 5m Now you have itemized the plane the PV is situated on and the components that can cause concealing. Your drawing window ought to show up as introduced in Figure 7. Figure 7: Shading scene for PV situated on 3 degree slanting confronting south 22. Select File>>Close.This will return you to the close to concealing window Note: If you as of now hav e an assembled concealing document you can stack it straightforwardly into the â€Å"Near Shading† window by tapping the â€Å"Open† button under the model library heading, and choosing the close to concealing scene. Just documents that are situated in the record area C:Program DataPV systDataShadings can be opened. 23. Select the â€Å"Table† catch to produce the concealing elements determined from the model simply assembled. When created close the window. 24. You can see the impacts of the concealing on an Iso-concealing bend by choosing the â€Å"Graph† button situated under the â€Å"Linear (unpleasant) Shading Factor† heading.Figure 8 presents the outcomes. 2

TV Addiction Problem

Television Addiction Problem Running head: TV ADDICTION: A GROWING PROBLEM Television compulsion A Growing Problem A great many people of my age have never known existence without TV. We have grown up sitting in the lounge room before the gleaming TV screen. It is difficult for us to perceive how TV influences our lives. The conviction that TV is dangerous to correspondence among loved ones is very normal. Then again, TV has sped up at which data ventures, and it can move conditions and pictures into our homes that past ages never had. Individuals will in general romanticize the past; they envision a gathering of loved ones engaging themselves by messing around and recounting stories around a warm chimney, however I don't feel that TV can be accused for the absence of correspondence among loved ones. No ifs, ands or buts, TV is one of the most impressive methods for conveying in the previous decade, contending with different types of correspondence, for example, the Internet, phone, films, PDAs, and obviously, our discourse. Because of its broad accessibility and enhanced media with pictures and sounds, it is hard to get it far from our lives. TV is a need of our lives like our suppers, attire, and home. From the start, the telecom business was begun for open purposes. These days, with respect to the impacts of TV, a few people say that TV offers a loosening up time and valuable data to us while others contend that TV doesn't generally goodly affect us as a result of its obstacle to correspondence among individuals. Notwithstanding, TV gives us rich points to discuss and an opportunity to get along with one another. A large portion of all, TV encourages us speak with others. We sit in front of the TV pretty much every night with our family. For instance, my dad and I appreciate watching news or information based narrative projects. Watching these projects we now and again talk about current undertakings, for example, the Presidential political decision or monetary issues. In like manner, hot issues on TV like news or in vogue programs are the most well-known subjects among my companions in my school. In the event that some of them didn't sit in front of the TV the earlier night, they can't partake in the conversation since they don't have anything to discuss. In this regard, since TV furnishes us with different subjects identified with our lives, it encourages us structure our feeling of closeness with family or companions. Next, TV advances our correspondence since it offers an opportunity to get along with families or companions. These days, a great many people are occupied to such an extent that they don't have a lot of time to go through with loved ones. Be that as it may, through TV programs, we can get an opportunity to coexist with them. For example, when the 2002 World Cup was held in Korea, numerous individuals made some extraordinary memories with their family or companions. To watch soccer matches, we accumulated before TV with companions or family what our identity was distanced from for quite a while. Thus, such TV programs assist us with working up nearer human connections among individuals. In this manner, I think TV assumes a significant job in advancing correspondence with family or companions. â€Å"Children are bound to turn out to be effectively drawn in with whatever pulls in them. Particularly, TV furnishes incredible interests with its assortment of sounds and pictures to children†. They promptly want for watching it whether substance is neither too simple not very hard to comprehend. By its giving some test, TV permits them to increase a plenteous jargon. Much the same as our muscles, the cerebrum gets more grounded when it is utilized, and decays when it isnt utilized. TV is so generally scrutinized as being terrible for youngsters that a significant actuality now and again gets overlooked†. (ScienceDaily, 2001) A few sorts of TV review may really upgrade childrens scholarly turn of events. TV contains a colossal assortment of structures and substance. In an investigation, the impacts of TV seeing relied upon program content.† There are in every case awful impacts on youngsters staring at the TV. Youngsters who are TV watchers progressively see life as a diversion event in which they are partial to assuming job in TV show, and there are forceful substance of current telecom that extraordinarily influence kids. In addition, it is inescapable to sit in front of the TV without confronting revolting savagery. Again, the impacts of TV seeing rely upon program substance and class. Kids are required to be exhorted what right TV program to watch by their folks. (Carter Bill, 1996) Kids have no capacity of picking what is acceptable or bad.Parents and educators control childrens sitting in front of the TV which is simply overlooking their needs. Guardians and educator ought to be answerable for training how to deal with their time and what benefits youngsters gain while sitting in front of the TV. (Austin W.P, 2003) â€Å"This issue was less extreme before link and the coming of several channels. The expansion in decision has expanded the likelihood of each relative being dependent on an alternate program on some channel and this in the long run prompts time clashes when two channels show their projects simultaneously and there are distinctive review requests. Among high-salary families this outcomes in more than one TV in the house and the physical harmony of the working class family is yielded to TV compulsion. TV dependence increments on the grounds that in a given family there are individuals of various ages, sexes, with varying degrees of training, individual convictions, scholarly direction, and individual tastes.† (Television fixation, 2007) In this way, relatives are fixated on viewing their preferred channels. Normally, their watching time bit by bit increments and they become dependent on it all things considered. The majority of the individuals incline toward investing energy with their families and companions as opposed to investing time sitting in front of the TV. TV assumes a significant job in people groups lives. Be that as it may, a great many people would pick loved ones over TV. Also, most proficient individuals know about the hurtful impacts of observing a lot of TV. Through my experience, in the wake of a monotonous day at school, I had a lot of time chatting with my folks. For me and my family, our valuable time together can not be contrasted with anything. Likewise, the impact of TV is essentially not very good that it could be said to have â€Å"destroyed† correspondence among loved ones. In all actuality, correspondence among individuals in industrialized nations has diminished lately. It may be enticing to accuse this issue for TV since its ascent generally concurred with the reduction in time we go through with our families. In any case, I accept this circumstance is more probable because of expanded weights identifying with work, school, and the economy. For my situation, for instance, I find that my weights from examining are extraordinary to such an extent that I should frequently forfeit time at home so I can address the difficulties of accomplishing my own objectives. In certain circumstances, be that as it may, the facts confirm that TV is liable for diminishing correspondence among relatives. In my adolescence in the open country, I oftentimes observed guardians and kids staring at the TV for a considerable length of time each day, and they scarcely chatted with each other. It appeared for them that TV was an approach to escape from when they were pitiful or feeling hopeless. Be that as it may, as a matter of fact TV welcomed on awful conditions Nonetheless, even for this situation, I would state that TV simply added to the terrible circumstance, however it didn't cause it; if TV were nonexistent, clearly these individuals would have discovered different breaks, liquor or betting, for instance. At the end of the day, individuals consistently figure out how to do need they need to do. Similarly, we have to understand that no one powers us to sit before the TV. We can decide to turn it off and invest more energy speaking with our friends and family. Rather than considering ourselves survivors of TV, we should perceive how TV can be a decent device for us to use as we see fit. Likewise, we can utilize it to find out about the world or just to engage us when we are exhausted. â€Å"Television enslavement turns into an issue when a subject wouldn't like to sit in front of the TV, however encounters a wild impulse to begin or proceed watching.† It is basic convictions that quit sitting in front of the TV is the quickest strategy to stop TV habit. Dependent individuals simply turn off TV screen and attempt to never way to deal with it when they discover first time. It might appear work toward the start. Be that as it may, over the long haul, they get worried by what they are confined to. They should discover underlying driver of it and in any event give a few endeavors. Despite the fact that it takes long to stop TV fixation, the principle design is to discover you feel liberated from TV viewing. It is regular a conviction that the quickest strategy to stop TV enslavement by quit sitting in front of the TV. Dependent individuals simply turn off the TV and attempt to never move toward it. It might appear work toward the start. In any case, over the long haul, they get worried by what they are limited to. They should discover the main driver of the dependence and at any rate give a few endeavors. Despite the fact that it takes a long to stop TV dependence, the primary reason for existing is to be liberated from TV viewing. There are five stages that help us to manage TV compulsion. Above all else, you track the amount TV you observe each time you do. You have to know how much time you spend sitting in front of the TV. Next, look at the measure of time you sit in front of the TV to average time individuals spending on TV. On the off chance that you accomplish more than the normal, attempt to decrease the measure of time. Besides, List the various fun exercises you can do at home as opposed to sitting in front of the TV. Spot your rundown on your fridge so you can check this rundown before you turn on the TV. Think about fun exercises to do as family, family extends you might want to finish, outside exercises, perusing, work out, and so on. Third, set a cutoff for how much

What It Means to Have Type A Personality Traits

What It Means to Have Type A Personality Traits Theories Personality Psychology Print What It Means to Have Type A Personality Traits By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 15, 2019 More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Type A vs. Type B Type D Type A Traits Traits of Type A Behavior Negative Effects Fixed vs. Situational View All Back To Top You may have heard people say they are Type Aâ€"you may be one of those people yourselfâ€"but understanding what it truly means to have a Type A personality can be transformative, both in how you manage stress and in how you recognize and respond to those who may be Type A. Since researchers started studying Type A personality, beginning with cardiologists Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman in the 1950s, it’s become a household term. Most people now know that Type A personality characteristics have something to do with being competitive and work-obsessed and can bring an increased risk of health problems, but it’s not always understood exactly what traits constitute “Type A Behavior,” or exactly how these traits impact health and wellbeing. Here youll learn more about Type A, how it affects people, and how to deal with stress if you have a “Type A Personality” or if you work closely with someone who does. 1:28 6 Key Traits of a Type A Personality Type A vs. Type B Type A personality traits, including competitiveness, time urgency, and a tendency toward workaholism can be seen (particularly by Type A people) as beneficial for career success??. However, they are counterparts with Type B personalitiesâ€"those who tend to be less focused on competitiveness and more on enjoying the journey. This doesnt mean that Type Bs dont like to achieve. They may work hard and take real pride in their accomplishments, but they dont attach the same stress to their outcomes if they dont come in first or achieve the most, something that tends to create significant stress in Type As. Type Bs also tend to be more creative and low-stress by nature. Fortunately, some of this relaxed perspective can be learned and developed. A Note About Type D A somewhat newer personality type known  as Type D (the D is for distressed) is distinct from Type A and Type B. Type D  is characterized by negative emotions like worry and attempt to inhibit these emotions at the same time, all while avoiding social interaction.?? These factors, while different from Type A, can also cause significant stress and negative health outcomes. Fortunately, as with Type A traits, there are effective ways to combat Type D traits like negativity, excessive worry, and inhibition. Illustration by Cindy Chung, Verywell Traits of Type A Behavior While the term “Type A” is thrown around often, it’s not always fully known what specific characteristics make up Type A personality, even among experts. For some people, the term applies to rude and impatient people. Others see workaholics as Type A. Many see competitiveness as the main characteristic. According to research, the following characteristics are the hallmark characteristics of Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP): Time Urgency and Impatience, as demonstrated by people who, among other things, get frustrated while waiting in line, interrupt others often, walk or talk at a rapid pace, and are always painfully aware of the time and how little they have to spare.Free-Floating Hostility or Aggressiveness, which shows up as impatience, rudeness, being easily upset over small things, or ‘having a short fuse,’ for example.?? Additionally, Type A behavior often includes: Competitiveness: these people need to win at everything from work to relationships, even if these activities arent inherently competitive.Strong Achievement-Orientation: Type A people tend to get their feelings of self-worth from what they achieve.A Need for Dominance: Many Type A people try to show dominance in business and personal interactions, disregarding the wishes and needs of others in favor of their own.Certain Physical Characteristics: these result from stress and from years of Type A behavior, and are listed below. Friedman associated the following physical characteristics often accompany TABP: Facial tension (tight lips, clenched jaw, etc.)Tongue clicking or teeth grindingDark circles under eyesFacial sweating (on forehead or upper lip)?? Negative Effects of Type A Behavior Over the years, the type of extra stress that most Type A people experience takes a toll on their health and lifestyle. The following are some of the negative effects that are common with those exhibiting TABP. Hypertension:  Although the relationship between personality types and high blood pressure is complex, there has been some association between hypertension and Type A personalities.??Heart Disease:  There is some ambiguity, but some research shows that there is a causal relationship between TABP and coronary heart disease.  ??However, recent analysis has failed to confirm this.Job Stress:  Type A people usually find themselves in stressful, demanding jobs (and sometimes the jobs create the Type A behavior), which can lead to stress-related  health problems.??Social Isolation:  Those with TABP often alienate others, or spend too much time on work and focus too little on relationships, putting them at risk for social isolation and the increased stress that comes with it.?? Fixed Characteristic vs. Situational Reaction While many personality traits, such as extroversion, are innate, most researchers believe that Type A personality characteristics are more of a reaction to environmental factors, or tendencies toward certain behaviors, and are influenced by culture and job structure. For example: Many jobs put heavy demands on time, making it necessary for workers to be very concerned with getting things done quickly if they’re to adequately get their jobs done.Some workplaces put heavy penalties on mistakes, so efficiency and achievement become  extremely important.Other jobs just create more stress, making people less patient, more stressed, and more prone to Type A behaviors.Other people do have a natural tendency toward being more intense, but this tendency can be exacerbated by environmental stress, or mitigated by conscious effort and lifestyle changes. How to Change and Soften Type A Characteristics Fortunately, like traits such as  optimism  or  assertiveness, Type A characteristics can be altered. The following are ways to soften Type A characteristics in yourself if you possess them: Change Your Work Life Altering certain factors in your work life to make your job less stressful, more rewarding, and less demanding. For example, you can consciously make an effort to enjoy the meaning you attach to your work rather than focusing primarily on outcomes. You may talk to your boss about expectations to be sure that it is possible to meet them  with a reasonable level of work if your job has been stressful enough to affect your health. Change Thought Patterns With practice, when you  alter your thinking patterns to more positive ones you develop more trust in yourself and in those around you and can soften your Type A  tendencies. When you find yourself feeling inadequate if you make mistakes, for example, focus more heavily on what you are doing well. When you find yourself using negative self-talk, focus on talking to yourself the way you would a good friend. Fake It Till You Make It Sometimes you can act your way into new habits. Even if you don’t always feel calm and  serene  if you make a conscious choice to try to slow yourself down and be more patient with people, that behavior will most likely become more of a habit and begin to come more easily to you. Note It’s not recommended that you become completely detached from awareness of your feelings, or that you keep them bottled up until you eventually explode, but that you focus on making some changes in your behavior in conjunction with emotion-oriented strategies, you should make more progress, more quickly. Start Journaling The practice of  keeping a journal  has many proven benefits for your stress level and overall health. It can also be a helpful practice in softening Type A characteristics, especially if done right. The following are the best ways to use your journal as an instrument of change: Keep a record  of how many times you lose your temper in a day, treat people rudely, or feel overwhelmed by frustration. Becoming more aware of your tendencies and what triggers reactions in you can be a valuable step in changing your patterns.Write about your feelings.  This helps you to process  them  and takes some of the intensity from them, so you’re less overwhelmed by strong emotions.Write about solutions.  Solving your problems on paper (rather than obsessing about them in your head) can help you to feel less overwhelmed by them. You can also look back through your journal to remember old ideas on solving new problems. Face Your Fears This may sound crazy, but a good way to work past Type A tendencies is to give yourself an extra dose of what frustrates you in order to show yourself that it’s not so bad. For example, some therapists would recommend that you pick long lines in the grocery store, just to show yourself that you can survive the frustration of waiting in line for a few extra minutes. Or, perhaps the threat of having to wait in a longer line will force your subconscious mind to be more patient in one of the shorter lines. Make It a  Game When you’re  frustrated on the road, make a game out of it and count what frustrates you. The same can be done for life in general. If you see how many frustrating things you can playfully tally, for example, you’ll almost look forward to people’s quirks. Breathing Exercises The next time you’re about to scream, why not take that deep breath and, instead, just breathe it out? When you feel you’re about to explode,  a few deep, slow breaths  can do wonders! Learn breathing exercises for a stress reliever you can use anywhere. Breathing Exercises for Rapid Stress Relief Love Your Pets Pets have  many stress management and health  benefits  and can help provide you with the extra calm you need.?? Walking a dog can be relaxing and social, get you out into nature (or at least out of the office), and gets you  exercise  (another stress reliever) as well. Caring for an animal and receiving its unconditional love can get you in touch with the best parts of your own humanity. Even watching aquarium fish has been known to have a measurable  effect  on blood pressure. How Having a Pet Affects Your Stress Levels Gardening Getting out into the sunshine, beautifying your yard, and getting back in touch with nature are some of the benefits of gardening. It all adds up to some great stress relief.  This  tension-taming  tool  can reduce overall stress and teach you  to take it easy a little more, softening your Type A tendencies. Gardening for Stress Relief A Word From Verywell Changing your Type A traits doesnt necessarily imply that your existing personality is not a good one. If youre looking to soften a few of your Type A traits, it may just mean youre looking to reduce stress and enjoy your journey more. You can still achieve your goals. What if you’re not the one with the Type A personality characteristics, but you have to deal with someone else who is? By practicing  assertiveness  and  healthy conflict resolution techniques, you can maintain healthier boundaries and keep yourself from being overrun by a person who exhibits strong Type A personality characteristics.

How Can Assistive Technology Benefit Preschool Special...

How Can Assistive Technology Benefit Preschool Special Education Students? The inclusion of special needs children with typically developing peers has become a key service option in preschool special education classrooms (Odom, 2000). Benefits abound, yet inclusion does not present without challenges. Young children with disabilities find it complicated to interact with objects and peers due to obstacles that their disabilities present. A child unable to speak too often goes unheard. Students with limited movement are frequently unable to participate in activities with peers. How can young children with disabilities achieve some degree of independence so that they may interact in their environments without reliance on others?†¦show more content†¦Assistive technology is both a device and a service that helps those with disabilities do things more quickly, easily or independently (South Carolina Assistive Technology Program, 2010). AT may involve; no technology, low technology or high technology (Prater, 2007). Some examples of low-tech AT devices beneficial for young children are oversized crayons, slant boards, adapted eating utensils, pillows, picture boards, and switch activated toys. Computers, software, augmentative and alternative communication [AAC] devices, and motorized wheelchairs are considered hi-tech devices. Whether low-tech or high-tech, assistive technology opens doors of possibilities, making it possible for children with disabilities to do more for themselves than ever thought possible (Willis, 2009). The ability to communicate, and express thoughts, desires, and needs with others is essential in our daily lives. But for the child with a communication disorder, being able to express wants, needs, and ideas in the preschool classroom is not a reality. Communication skills for young children are particularly important given that much of what a preschooler learns is through interacting with others (Technical Assistance Alliance for Parent Centers, 2006). Young children need communication supports to make the most of their experiences inShow MoreRelatedPlanning And Implementing Curriculum Accommodation842 Words   |  4 Pagescontent areas Many students with LD experience trouble with reading abilities that are significantly below grade level. Consequently, the high school text book in history and other social studies classes will represent a problem. If students have problems with interpreting what is seen, they may have difficulties with timelines, graphs, maps, charts and other visual display that frequently used to explain information in social studies. Steele (2007) demonstrated that modification can be implemented toRead More Technology Needs in the Special Education Secondary Classroom1370 Words   |  6 Pagesschool settings the use of technology within the special education classroom is lacking. Special education class rooms and resource settings utilize only the basic, out of date technology that has been in use for many years. Typically the only available technology made available to special education or resource settings are the overhead projector, television, and tape recorder. According to the Nation al Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (2009), seventy-five percent of students with disabilities rarelyRead MoreCase Studies for Meeting Students Needs4299 Words   |  18 Pages2012 Michael Horn Throughout this six week course, Meeting Individual Needs with Technology, we have researched the spectrums of Assistive Technology available for the individual and the classroom, and researched the different types of disabilities and how the Assistive Technology can aid students in navigating life and succeeding as individuals. Case Study #1 Emily is a five-year-old female student who is visually impaired. Emily has low vision and has some independence. She isRead MoreAn Evidence Based Practice Report2174 Words   |  9 Pages  Evidence-Based Practice Report Throughout time education and specifically special education has evolved. Laws have changed, acts have been passed, but most importantly research has been conducted on how students with exceptionalities learn best. 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The researcher have either interviewed staff or used observation to monitor children’s impulsive communicationRead More Teaching Techniques in Special Education Essay2317 Words   |  10 PagesTeaching Techniques in Special Education In the past two decades many changes have been made in education. Many of these changes have occurred in the special education area. There has been an increase in the number of students who need services in many different areas. Due to the vast array of ability levels and disabilities among students with special needs the teaching techniques and methods used in the classroom must also vary greatly. This is important to effectively facilitate a child’s needsRead MoreFdt4 Task 12234 Words   |  9 PagesA.  Ã‚  Summarize the  six  key components of the 1975 PL 94-142, Education for All Handicapped Children Act (now known as IDEA – Individuals with Disabilities Education Act).    1. FAPE Stands for Free Appropriate Public Education. There shall be a zero reject philosophy meaning that all children, regardless of their disability and the severity of the disability, will be provided with a free education that is tailored to their individual needs. Children will receive the necessary therapy needed atRead More The Montessori Method Essay2399 Words   |  10 Pagessuccessful with these children that she began to apply her understanding of learning to study the potential of normally functioning children (Oalf, 2001). Dr. Montessoris approach to education stresses the importance of learning styles, independence and responsibility. According to Maria Montessori, In the special environment prepared?in our schools, the children themselves found a sentence that expresses their inner need, Help me to help myself. ? (Standing, 1957). 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Who Else Wants to Learn About Anthem Essay Samples?

Who Else Wants to Learn About Anthem Essay Samples? The Fundamentals of Anthem Essay Samples Revealed Short essay on the worth of environmental education manali sa the fundamental objective is to produce and develop awareness for their values, significance and role. Particular emphasis will be put on the significance of objectivity in writing. This is the very first thread of individualism he lets shine through. Technological advancement is currently carefully planned and the notion of individuality was eliminated. Anthem Essay Samples - What Is It? Kneeling is executed to be a symbol of a sort of silent protest. Single folks excelling does not stick to the laws of collectivism and so nobody dares to march forward. In addition, there are regional winners and semifinalists, Thus if you place a true effort within this contest, it is possible to very realistically get some recognition. There are a lot of annual academic competitions that provide scholarship money as prizes . Below is a list of the most obvious independent competitions, their deadlines, and where you're able to find more information about them. All the above-mentioned awards are created on a yearly basis and all the awards are non-renewable. The History of Anthem Essay Samples Refuted They opt to read the books starting the subsequent day. While perhaps it doesn't ask you to do anything new, it is sometimes a wonderful method to hit two birds with one stone and get money for volunteer work that you need to do anyways. The two continue their exploration of the home and find clothing. Decide on a side, and stick with this! It's only normal to be anxious about hiring an on-line essay writer as you can not ever be sure whether you are employing the correct service or not. Contrary to other companies, we're safe and skillful group of writers that are deeply concerned regarding the academic writing tasks. To alleviate this, lenders should be asked to forgive student loans in situa tions where students cannot repay their debts. In addition, we encourage them to be committed to the work just as how we are devoted to helping college students get the excellent college papers they require. Emotions are the trick to the story. Equality wanted to be part of the Home of Scholars. In addition to it being smarter, he is guilty of the great Transgression of Preference. Equality 7-2521 acknowledges that they're right and doesn't care what happens to him. Characteristics of Anthem Essay Samples The cost depends upon the size and urgency. A purchase won't improve your opportunity to win. In fact, prior to making an order you may secure a price quote on your essay. This way you don't risk your money since you can establish the price before finalizing your buy. The selection is going to be based on the characteristic of the submitted essay, including content and fashion. The line is good since it includes the reader. We offer you a private page where it's possible to communicate with your writer any instance of the day, and when you have any questions about the practice of your work, it's our pleasure to cater to your every need. You don't need to be worried about your personal details that may be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. The Benefits of Anthem Essay Samples At first the autonomy argument appears to capture what's troubling about human cloning and other types of genetic engineering it's not. Now that you know the four key elements of a great thesis statement, I want to give you more thesis statement examples. This statement comprises some thought-provoking claims. A great thesis statement will accomplish precisely the same thing. Anthem plans are offered in over a dozen states across every area of the nati on. Do write, Americans should eliminate the normal consumption of fast food because the speedy food diet contributes to preventable and pricey health difficulties, like diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The NFL players that are kneeling believe there are prevailing issues in the United States of america that will need to get brought to the public's interest. China's one-child policy was meant to help control population development. The Fundamentals of Anthem Essay Samples Revealed Whether you've got to make a paper of special flawlessness, just purchase an essay here and our writers will provide help. You just need to submit an essay. One, we apply an extremely careful range of our writers. Our writers also undergo a string of other training that may truly convince us they are great for the job. The Benefits of Anthem Essay Samples Free response essays are an essential part of the ap biology curriculum in reality, you will have 4 completely free response quest ions on the ap exam at the close of the year. The shape of the poems is quite different. 1 last usage of imagery in his sonnet is the usage of personification. Having fewer words is also good as it is the sign of a superior writer. There's a substantial reason for the reason, but the shape of protest could be run in a more efficient and not as controversial way. Moreover, it's an individual's choice whether he or she wants to take part in standing for the national anthem. The protest ought to be executed in a different way as a way to only draw whole attention to the issues at hand. The disrespectfulness fans perceive from the method by which the protest is performed, may lead to unintended consequences.

Meteor Missile Free Essays

The Meteor is a fast and highly manoeuvrable Beyond Visual Range Air to Air Missile (BVRAAM) air-to-air weapon. Guidance is provided by an active radar seeker benefiting from enhanced technologies drawn from the MBDA Aster and Mica missile programmes. The meteor was designed to equip the Euro fighter Typhoons of the UK’s Royal Air Force (RAF), Germany’s Luftwaffe, Spain’s Ejercito del Aire and Italy’s Aeronautica Militare Italiana, the British and Italian F-35s (both in the Air Force and Navy), the Dassault Rafales of France’s Armee de l’Air and Marine Nationale, and the Saab JAS 39 Gripens of Sweden’s Flygvapnet. We will write a custom essay sample on Meteor Missile or any similar topic only for you Order Now The missile is allocated targets from the launch aircraft radar and is capable of engaging air targets autonomously by night or day, in all weather and in severe electronic warfare environments. The increasing proliferation of state of the art Air to Air threats, that are challenging the already in service Air to Air combat system is a critical challenge for modern Air Forces which is answered by the Meteor. The missile’s ramjet propulsion system gives Meteor its high speed performance and the energy to defeat fast, manoeuvring targets at long range. Meteor is equipped with both a proximity and impact fuse to ensure total target destruction in all circumstances. The missile trajectory is controlled aerodynamically using four rear-mounted fins. Meteor’s control principles are intended to allow high turn rates while maintaining intake and propulsion performance. MBDA Meteor is capable of engaging air targets autonomously, whether fighters, bombers, transport aircraft or cruise missiles by using its active radar seeker by day or night and in all weather or dense EW (Electronic Warfare) environments. Meteor’s solid fuel variable-flow rocket/ramjet propulsion system will ensure a range in excess of 100 km and a speed of more than Mach 4 and high terminal velocity. Even when launched from extreme stand-off ranges, the missile will have the energy in the end game to defeat fast, manoeuvring targets. To ensure total target destruction, the missile is equipped with both proximity and impact fuses and a fragmentation warhead that is detonated at the optimum point to aximise lethality. Guidance is ISN, two-way data link and active Ku-band radar seeker. It can receive targeting data after launch from the launching fighter or another fighter. The two-way data-link partially solves the IFF problem at long ranges. It is designed to defeat current and future threats; Meteor provides the long stand-off range and high kill probability which combine to ensure air superiority and pilot survivability. How to cite Meteor Missile, Papers

Nuclear Power Cons Essays - Nuclear Technology, Nuclear Power

Nuclear Power: Cons In our society, nuclear energy has become one of the most criticized forms of energy by the environmentalists. Thus, a look at nuclear energy and the environment and its impact on economic growth. Lewis Munford, an analyst, once wrote, "Too much energy is as fatal as too little, hence the regulation of energy input and output not its unlimited expansion, is in fact one of the main laws of life." This is true when dealing with nuclear power. Because our societies structure and processes both depend upon energy, man is searching for the most efficient and cheapest form of energy that can be used on a long term basis. And because we equate power with growth, the more energy that a country uses, - the greater their expected economic growth. The problem is that energy is considered to have two facets or parts: it is a major source of man-made repercussions as well as being the basis of life support systems. Therefore, we are between two sections in which one is the section of "resource availability and waste", and the other "the continuity of life support systems pertinent to survival." Thus, the environmentalists believe that nuclear energy should not be used for various reasons. First of all, the waste product, i.e. plutonium, is extremely radioactive, which may cause the people who are working or living in or around the area of storage or use, to acquire leukemia and other cancers. They also show how billions of dollars are spent yearly on safety devices for a single reactor, and this still doesn't ensure the impossibility of a "melt down." Two examples were then given of Chernobyl and Three Mile Island, in 1979, when thousands of people were killed and incapacitated. Finally, the environmentalists claim that if society wastes less energy, and develops the means to use the energy more efficiency, then there would be a definite decrease in the requirement for more energy producing plants. On the other hand, some business men and economists say that the present conditions should be kept intact, as the other forms of energy, e.g. oil, natural gas and coal, are only temporary, in dealing with surplus, and give off more pollution with less economic growth. Concurrently, countries wanted a more reliable, smokeless form of energy not controlled by OPEC, and very little uranium was required to produce such a high amount of resultant energy. Lastly, they said that renewable energy is (a) unreliable in that the wind, for example, could not be depended upon to blow, nor the sun to shine, and (b) were intermittent in that a 1,000 mega-watt solar farm may occupy about 5,000 acres of land, compared with less than 150 acres of land for a similar capacity nuclear power generation station. Because the energy technology that society employs directly influences the quantity and quality of life, the energy option that is chosen should have the greatest cost- benefit effectiveness as well as maximizing flexibility and purchases. However, those who believe in continuous energy consumption growth, seem to forget that there is only a limited supply of energy in every energy system, and to "overdo" any resource may provide for an unacceptable impact upon global and regional ecology. Thus, if the business world pushes the environment as far as it can go, Ceribus Paribus, please refer to figure 1. Thus, to use petroleum as a substitute for uranium, which is needed to power the nuclear system, would not be economically or environmentally sensible. I say this because, first of all, there is a major supply of uranium considering it was one of the last energy sources to be found as well as only a small amount of it is required to produce a lot of energy. Secondly, petroleum gives off carbon monoxide which is one of the reasons for ozone depletion; whereas, the uranium does not give off pollution except that it produces plutonium which needs to be buried for more than fifty years to get rid of its radiation. Finally, because so much of the petroleum will be required to power the vast area that nuclear energy can cover, the cost to us as the consumer would be massive! This would mean slower economic growth and/or expansion, especially when compared to nuclear energy. Therefore: Ceribus Paribus - (a) if the cost decreases, the demand increases, and - (b) if the cost increases, the demand decreases. Please refer to figures #2 and #3 respectively. Nuclear plants are now replacing coal burning plants. It will cost the taxpayers far more

Dimensional Analysis in Physics Problems

Dimensional Analysis in Physics Problems Dimensional analysis is a method of using the known units in a problem to help deduce the process of arriving at a solution. These tips will help you apply dimensional analysis to a problem. How Dimensional Analysis Can Help In science, units such as meter, second, and degree Celsius represent quantified physical properties of space, time, and/or matter. The International System of Measurement (SI) units that we use in science consist of seven base units, from which all other units are derived. This means that a good knowledge of the units youre using for a problem can help you figure out how to approach a science problem, especially early on when the equations are simple and the biggest hurdle is memorization. If you look at the units provided within the problem, you can figure out some ways that those units relate to each other and, in turn, this might give you a hint as to what you need to do to solve the problem. This process is known as dimensional analysis. A Basic Example Consider a basic problem that a student might get right after starting physics. Youre given a distance and a time and you have to find the average velocity, but youre completely blanking on the equation you need to do it. Dont panic. If you know your units, you can figure out what the problem should generally look like. Velocity is measured in SI units of m/s. This means that there is a length divided by a time. You have a length and you have a time, so youre good to go. A Not That was an incredibly simple example of a concept that students are introduced to very early in science, well before they actually begin a course in physics. Consider a bit later, however, when youve been introduced to all kinds of complex issues, such as Newtons Laws of Motion and Gravitation. Youre still relatively new to physics, and the equations are still giving you some trouble. You get a problem where you have to calculate the gravitational potential energy of an object. You can remember the equations for force, but the equation for potential energy is slipping away. You know its kind of like force, but slightly different. What are you going to do? Again, a knowledge of units can help. You remember that the equation for gravitational force on an object in Earths gravity and the following terms and units: Fg G * m * mE / r2 Fg is the force of gravity - newtons (N) or kg * m / s2G is the gravitational constant and your teacher kindly provided you with the value of G, which is measured in N * m2 / kg2m mE are mass of the object and Earth, respectively - kgr is the distance between the center of gravity of the objects - m  We want to know U, the potential energy, and we know that energy is measured in Joules (J) or newtons * meter  We also remember that the potential energy equation looks a lot like the force equation, using the same variables in a slightly different way In this case, we actually know a lot more than we need to figure it out. We want the energy, U, which is in J or N * m. The entire force equation is in units of newtons, so to get it in terms of N * m you will need to multiply the entire equation a length measurement. Well, only one length measurement is involved - r - so thats easy. And multiplying the equation by r would just negate an r from the denominator, so the formula we end up with would be: Fg G * m * mE / r We know the units we get will be in terms of N*m, or Joules. And, fortunately, we did study, so it jogs our memory and we bang ourselves on the head and say, Duh, because we should have remembered that. But we didnt. It happens. Fortunately, because we had a good grasp on the units we were able to figure out the relationship between them to get to the formula that we needed. A Tool, Not a Solution As part of your pre-test studying, you should include a bit of time to make sure youre familiar with the units relevant to the section youre working on, especially those that were introduced in that section. It is one other tool to help provide physical intuition about how the concepts youre studying are related. This added level of intuition can be helpful, but it shouldnt be a replacement for studying the rest of the material. Obviously, learning the difference between gravitational force and gravitational energy equations is far better than having to re-derive it haphazardly in the middle of a test. The gravity example was chosen because the force and potential energy equations are so closely related, but that isnt always the case and just multiplying numbers to get the right units, without understanding the underlying equations and relationships, will lead to more errors than solutions.

Brutal Treatment of Women Suffragists at Occoquan

Brutal Treatment of Women Suffragists at Occoquan An email has been circulating that tells of the brutal treatment in 1917 at Occoquan, Virginia, prison, of women who had picketed the White House as part of the campaign to win the vote for women. The point of the email: it took a lot of sacrifice to win the vote for women, and so women today should honor their sacrifice by taking our right to vote seriously, and actually getting to the polls. The author of the article in the email, though the emails usually omit the credit, is Connie Schultz of The Plain Dealer, Cleveland. Is the email true? a reader asks or is it an urban legend? It sure sounds exaggerated but its not. Alice Paul led the more radical wing of those who were working for womens suffrage in 1917. Paul had taken part in more militant suffrage activity in England, including hunger strikes that were met with imprisonment and brutal force-feeding methods. She believed that by bringing such militant tactics to America, the publics sympathy would be turned towards those who protested for woman suffrage, and the vote for women would be won, finally, after seven decades of activism. And so, Alice Paul, Lucy Burns, and others separated in America from the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), headed by Carrie Chapman Catt, and formed the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage (CU) which in 1917 transformed itself into the National Womans Party (NWP). While many of the activists in the NAWSA turned during World War I either to pacifism or to support of Americas war effort, the National Womans Party continued to focus on winning the vote for women. During wartime, they planned and carried out a campaign to picket the White House in Washington, DC. The reaction was, as in Britain, strong and swift: arrest of the picketers and their imprisonment. Some were transferred to an abandoned workhouse located at Occoquan, Virginia. There, the women staged hunger strikes, and, as in Britain, were force-fed brutally and otherwise treated violently. Ive referred to this part of woman suffrage history in other articles, notably when describing the history of the suffragist split over strategy in the last decade of activism before the vote was finally won. Feminist Sonia Pressman Fuentes documents this history in her article on Alice Paul. She includes this re-telling of the story of Occoquan Workhouses Night of Terror, November 15, 1917: Under orders from W. H. Whittaker, superintendent of the Occoquan Workhouse, as many as forty guards with clubs went on a rampage, brutalizing thirty-three jailed suffragists. They beat Lucy Burns, chained her hands to the cell bars above her head, and left her there for the night. They hurled Dora Lewis into a dark cell, smashed her head against an iron bed, and knocked her out cold. Her cellmate Alice Cosu, who believed Mrs. Lewis to be dead, suffered a heart attack. According to affidavits, other women were grabbed, dragged, beaten, choked, slammed, pinched, twisted, and kicked. (source: Barbara Leaming, Katherine Hepburn (New York: Crown Publishers, 1995), 182.) Related Resources: An image of Emmeline Pankhurst, who led the militant British woman suffragists, including hunger strike tactics, which inspired Alice Paul  and the National Womans PartyA firsthand account of this is in Doris Stevens Jailed for Freedom (New York: Liveright Publishing, 1920. (Gutenberg text)The movie Iron Jawed Angels focuses on this period of the woman suffrage movement.Sewall-Belmont House, home of the National Womans Party, is now a museum which includes many archives of these events.The Library of Congress presents some photos of women suffrage prisoners: Suffrage Prisoners

Analyze movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyze movie - Essay Example mummy has brought so many questions to light with regards not only to how worthy these claims are but also to the ancient way of life of the past ancestors. The discovery of a man having a copper ax at a time when such thing was not a thing of imagination also begs the question of how accurate the historical dating and recordings are. Many hypotheses were put to explain the discovery of a body in the mount Alps buried in the glacier, the nature of his death and the accuracy of the scientific technology (James). This amazing discovery is what prompted the scripting and finally production of the movie bearing the title â€Å"Iceman Murder Mystery’’. The movie bears all the processes that were involved from the discovery to the final autopsy procedures conducted on the mummified copse of Otzi. The movie however, according to how it was directed depicts or portrays a different theme all together. According to my understanding, the movie tries to portray the fact that human nature remains the same despite the level of advancement achieved in technology and thinking. For this reason, I tend to share a common understanding with Eduard Egarter Vigl on the connection he felt with the Mummy after looking at his face, position of the body and mortality in general. For this reason, was I to be the director of the movie, I would have named or titled it â€Å"Otzi the Stone Age modern man: A Reflection Of human Socio-cultural connectedness to the Past†. The movie in my observation was cast to reflect in the human nature that never changes despite the number of years that pass by. This is supported by almost all the theories that were put forward to explain the cause of death of the Mummy. The theory that now support this argument even further is the one that is seen to be favoured most about the death resulting from not, an animal, not another skirmishes, not any falling glacier but a person from the inside of where Otzi was coming from. This though not well explained in the

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Abortion - Essay Example For most women, giving birth changes their lives. Women who are working or schooling can find abortion appropriate. Relationships problem and a desire to avoid single motherhood can also make abortion necessary (Finer et. al. Web). Sometimes conditions exist, both physical and mental that endanger the life of a pregnant woman, an abortion can be performed to save the life (WebMD Web). Additionally, abortion can help a raped woman to cope with the trauma that ensues. In a case of teenage pregnancy abortion affords the girl a chance to continue living her life normally. On the other hand, there are various reasons to support an argument against abortion. Life is precious even for the unborn children, but abortion steals the joy to live. If an abortion the procedure is not safely conducted, the woman risks developing health complications that could lead to death. The guilt associated with terminating pregnancy in some cases, causes women to suffer post-traumatic stress disorder (Operation Rescue Web). Practise of abortion help sidestep the real issues that women experience. Raped women should be concerned with rape rather than opting for an abortion. To conclude, abortion is an issue that requires a cautious

Confessions of an Economic Hit Man | Book Summary

Confessions of an Economic Hit Man | Book Summary Confessions of an Economic Hit Man is an autobiography by John Perkins. It tells the story of how the protagonist, Perkins, experienced a series of events that are astonishingly influential to the world that we live in today. It tells the story of how greed for money and power creates a web of deceit, traitors and shockingly murderers. It portrays how one country can exploit others, rob their natural resources, cause environmental disasters, poison their rivers and guide their politics. Perkins exposes the truth behind his own countrys administrations and its leading role models in the corporate world The United States of America. Perkins begins this book by introducing two concepts; Economic Hit Man (EHM) and corporatocracy. EHMs are a group of people who encourage world leaders to become part of a vast network that promotes U.S commercial interests (p ix). This results in the world leaders becoming trapped in a web of debt and providing the U.S with support politically, militarily and economically. In turn, the world leaders bring airports, power plants and industrial parks to their people and therefore guarantee their thrown. John Perkins provides a precise definition of EHMs that they are highly paid professionals who cheat countries around the globe out of trillions of dollars using techniques such as fraudulent financial reports, rigged elections, payoffs, extortion, sex and murder (p ix). The protagonist was an EHM for the international consultancy firm MAIN and its strategy is to target and persuade poorer country leaders to accept enormous development loans for projects which were to be contracted with U.S companies. They cheat leaders with false economic projections, Your forecasts determine the magnitude of the systems they design and the size of the loans , an EHM is the key (p 17). This form of diabolic manipulation, in their view a strategic investment, proved to be successful in countries such Ecuador, Panama and Saudi Arabia but if the leaders do not comply with the offer for loans and economic growth then the country and their leaders suffered, even murdered. EHM failure was not acceptable. The term corpratocracy as Perkins explains is a collective term describing corporations, banks and governments that work for the progression of the global empire using financial and political muscle to ensure that our schools, businesses and media support the concept of the system that is motivated by the illusion that all economic growth serves for the prosperity of mankind and the larger the growth, the further extended the benefits and that the impoverished are convenient for exploitation. Perkins also gives us an insight of the impact of corporatocracy on us as we are being exploited by the economic engine that creates an insatiable appetite for the worlds resources and results in a system that fosters slavery. This quote emphasises what we encounter everyday in our lives; in banks, governments, Nike and Wal-Mart and nearly every other corporation in the world and that we are convinced by this economic engine and induced to consume, consume, consume (p xii -xiii). A key question is why did John Perkins become an EHM? He implies that his choice of this career path was due to two events in his life; his loyal friendship with Farhad, a son of an Iranian general and his encounter with Anne, his ex-wife (p 5). His parents also played a role in his point of view since he grew up as a poor puritan among so many wealthy. According to the protagonist, living a life of frustration craving sex and money generated a pivotal role in establishing his aspiration to live the good life, which was the lure that MAIN adopted to mould him into an EHM (p 7). But the more vital question here is how was such a disbeliever in the corporatocracy become ensnared in its web of deceit? The answer is the manipulative strategy of exploitation. Perkins wife introduced him to an executive at the NSA (National Security Agency). Perkins then undergone a series of NSA assessments were focused on his frustrations, his upbringing and his relationship with his friend Farhad. This portrayed how seducible the protagonist was and he was later further lured indirectly to be trained as an EHM (p 9). When he began to realize the true nature of EHMs, he became juxtaposed between becoming one and living the good life or walking away. He often questioned if what he was about to engage in was right and suspected he was not but eventually greed and the appealing opportunities MAIN offered won and he justified his decision by presupposing that he will expose the corporatocracy after he advanced deeper (p 17). EHMs have been involved Panama, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Ecuador. In each case the author describes various strategic tactics they employ and their various outcomes to the countries leaders, politics and people. Panama was ruled by its hero Omar Torrijos at the time Perkins was sent to make his economic forecasts (or in reality an economic hit). Torrijos believed in his countries right to rule its own Panama Canal with no U.S intervention (p38). In 1972, Perkins established a relationship with Torrijos where it appeared that the he knew MAINs true agenda towards Panama as he implies, I understand that your company wants more work and usually gets it by inflating the size of projects.. This time is different Give me whats best for my people .Ill give you all the work you want. It was obvious that this man was solely concerned for the benefit of his country and to benefit the poor as rather than himself and which in my point of view proves that not all leaders are corrupt. Perkins also portrays that Torrijoss selfless attitude would be seen as a threat but Torrijos expressed his knowledge openly that at anytime the U.S could assassinate him and that he will not be destroyed easily, We have the Canal The CIA will have to kill me! (p 72-75). His expectations came to life on July 31st 1981. His death, which my mother described as a mysterious plane crash, was a result of his true devotion to Panama rather than the U.S dollar. He renegotiated the Canal Treaty with the U.S President Jimmy Carter to surrender the Canal to the Panamanians and later refused to renegotiate it with President Reagan. The U.S wanted sole control over the Canal. When anything came in their way, the words CIA assassination are heard (p158-159). This is their strategy, either comply with their strategic exploitation game and sell your beliefs for dollars and power or they send in their jackals or the CIA to intervene. After the tragic assassination of Panamas hero, his replacement, Manuel Noriega, followed in his footsteps particularly with the project of building a new canal financed by the Japanese. This posed a threat to U.S firms; they could lose billions of dollars. During the George H. W. Bush administration a new strategy emerged to deal with Noriegas intentions. It was through loss of reputation and mass murder. In 1986, they developed a corrupt image of drug dealing for Noriega. In 1989, the U.S invades Panama with airstrike assaults on the unharmful Panamanian civilians violating international law (p 173-175). Perkins wrote about Ecuador and how the U.S oil company ChevronTexaco Corp contaminated rivers and open holes with four million gallons of toxic waste water which contained oil, carcinogens and heavy metals which poisons the Ecuadorian people and their animals (p xviii). Their democratically elected President Jaime Roldos wanted oil companies out of his country, unless they implemented plans that would help Ecuadors people, they would be forced to leave his country. His people were frustrated and so was he. This posed a threat to their strategy of corporatocracy, therefore a CIA assassination strategy was implemented and he died in a plane crash two months before Torrijos in 1981 (p 154-156). In 1973, an important event occurred that changed the strategy of corporatocracy, the Oil Embargo. This was due to the U.Ss support to the state of Israel both politically and with foreign aid. This caused five Arab countries including Saudi Arabia to stop oil shipments to the U.S (p 82-83). King Faisal of Saudi Arabia played a great role in this embargo since he believed in the freedom of Palestine and swore to pray in Jerusalems Aqsa Mosque. But like any leader that opposed U.S interests he was murdered in 1975 by his own nephew who coincidentally was just being educated in the U.S. As for their strategy for oil rich and strategically located countries such as Saudi Arabia, they sent EHMs, including Perkins team, to the House of Saud, with their strategic weapon, economic projections. In order to preserve their oil supply, Washington commenced a new strategy to lure the wealthy House of Saud using negotiations offering technical support, military hardware and training, and an opportunity to bring their nation into the twentieth century. This arrangement would guarantee the House of Sauds power and the U.S would receive large portions of petrodollars and forever making Saudis dependent on the U.S companies, such as MAIN. Perkins role was to forecast rough projections of the future of the kingdom if large sums of money were invested in its infrastructure by the aid of U.S construction and engineering companies. He described it as win-win situation (p 83-85). The author was assigned to persuade a member of the Saudi government, Prince W., of a possible new Westernised future of the kingdom in 1975. The protagonist soon realized his weakness for beautiful blondes. And he exploited that weakness and supplied him with his need of women which portrays the measures EHMs result in order to fulfil their assignment. Indeed his technique proved to be a success and Prince W. eventually relented (p 92-95). The diabolic outcome of this strategy is not the result of having a guaranteed unlimited oil support, but is the message the U.S sent; If other countries such as Iran, Iraq threatened embargoes, Saudi Arabia would step in discourage other countries from even considering an embargo (p 90). The U.S can not only further corporatocracy but it can even escape with supporting terrorists for their own gain and later pursuing them as outlaws. The U.S desired the House of Saud to bankroll Osama bin Ladens Afghan war against the Soviet Union in the 1980s and they both generously devoted $3.5 billion to the mujahideen resistance movement (p 99). Washington was supporting who it now name murderers and terrorists to further its political agenda, in fact it was an excellent strategy to exploit such movements and later destroy them. Since the success of the Saudi Arabia strategy in the 70s, the greed of the corporatocracy grew and EHMs were sent to Saddam Hussein of Iraq to exploit his oil reserves in exchange for infrastructural prosperity. Unlike the House of Saud, he did not comply. To Washington, Iraq represented oil, water and its borders with Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. It is at strike distance with Israel and the former Soviet Union. That would have control over its neighbours; some which are oil rich (p 182-184). Refusing to comply, Iraq was attacked twice breaking international law. Once by George H. W. Bush in the 1990s with air strikes and aerial assaults on civilians. And second, by George W. Bush in 2003 where he deceived the world by claiming Hussein owned weapons of mass destruction. But people implied at that time that he planned to sell his oil for Euros which triggered the war. John Perkins book furthered a vast amount of knowledge to my perception of world leaders. I was always sceptical about many leaders but never did I know about EHMs. I was aware about corruption in governments, the U.S compliance with terrorism and its double standards that caused the murder of generations, the emotional scaring of orphans and the theft of dignity, resources and morals of many countries. Personal examples of this is the differenced between the Egyptian government at the time of Anwar Sadat who fought to help free Palestine and stop the Israeli genocide and now where Israelis are using chemical weapons to bomb schools and orphan children and the Egyptians are denying charities to supply those children with food. In my point of view this is also due to the U.Ss strategic exploitation as Egypt relies on billions of U.S foreign aid. I believe that EHMs were in Egypt. Another example is Saudi Arabia and how its leaders stood watching the U.S butcher Iraqi civilians in the war in 2003 and allowed U.S helicopters fly to Iraq via Saudi Arabia. After reading this book, I also thought of mysterious assassinations of important politicians such as Rafic Al Hariri who was a supporter of Hezbollah who protected Lebanon from Israeli occupation and Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan. Those were people of similar standards as Torrijos and Roldos and perhaps I am right to now believe that those were CIA assassinations. The extent of the use of exploitation strategies by the corporatocracy was appalling and in my point of view the author was convincing and he was right to quit and expose this form of manipulation and terrorism employed by the U.S. As for a solution for corporatocracy, I believe it is in the reason of its existence, the reason why Perkins joined it, the same reason it was created; greed and power hunger. If we can perhaps teach American schools the importance of the life, liberty and pursuit of happiness of every country, not just theirs and about international laws, then they might realise the real terrorists. I agree with J ohn Perkins on his strategy of spreading awareness, using his book and the media, and his idea giving this book and talking about it to friends and family. I would also suggest translating this book in different languages, especially Arabic and giving it to Iraqis and Saudis so they can see for themselves the working of the corporatocracy in their everyday life.

Analysis of Secure Real Time Transport Protocol on Voip over

Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 Analysis of Secure Real Time Transport Protocol on VoIP over Wireless LAN in Campus Environment Mohd Nazri Ismail Department of MIIT, University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), MALAYSIA [email  protected] unikl. edu. my Abstract- In this research, we propose to implement Secure Real Time Transport Protocol (SRTP) on VoIP services in campus environment. Today, the deployment of VoIP in campus environment over wireless local area network (WLAN) is not considered on security during communication between two parties.Therefore, this study is to analyzed SRTP performance on different VoIP codec selection over wired. We have implemented a real VoIP network in University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Malaysia. We use softphone as our medium communication between two parties in campus environment. The results show that implementation of SRTP is able to improve the VoIP quality between on e-to-one conversation and multi conference call (many-to-many). In our experiment, it shows that iLBC, SPEEX and GSM codec are able to improve significantly the multi conference (many-to-many) VoIP quality during conversation.In additional, implementation of SRTP on G. 711 and G. 726 codec will decrease the multi conference (many-to-many) VoIP quality. Keywords- Codecs, Softphone, SRTP, WLAN I. INTRODUCTION AND RELATED WORKS University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) has implemented a real VoIP over wireless LAN in campus environment. This implementation is not covered any security features. Therefore, the objective of this study is to enable the security function using Secure Real Time Transport Protocol (SRTP).We will study the performance of SRTP on different codec such as G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX. iLBC is a speech codec developed for robust voice communication over IP, it uses 13. 33 Kbps. It provides low delay and high packet loss robustness for low-bit rate codec’s. SPEEX codec is open source patent-free audio compression format designed for speech. Codec is an algorithm used to encode and decode the voice conversation. Secure Real Time Transport Protocol (SRTP) defines a profile of Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP), intended to provide ncryption, message authentication and integrity and replay protection to the RTP data in both unicast and multicast applications. Previous work is to evaluate the trade-off existing between quality of service and security when SRTP [6] is employed to protect RTP (Real Time Protocol) sessions on VoIP calls [5]. There is no such study has been conducted on comparison of VoIP one-to-one call and multi conference call (many-to-many) performance using SRTP functionality. With its promise of inclusion, innovation, and growth, VoIP also brings challenges. VoIP is not easy to secure.It suffers all of the problems associated with any Internet application, and VoIP security is complicated by its interconnection to the PS TN. A host of trust, implementation, and operational complexities make securing VoIP particularly complex. In fact, the same aspects that make the VoIP software model so powerful—its flexible, open, distributed design—are what make it potentially problematic [7][8]. Various security requirements have to be met to secure VoIP transmission: Authentication, Privacy and Confidentiality, Integrity, Non repudiation, Non replay and Resource availability [9].The threats faced by a VoIP are similar to other applications including: unwanted communication (spam), privacy violations (unlawful intercept), impersonation (masquerading), theft-of service, and denial-of-service [10]. II. METHODOLOGY We have setup a real wireless network environment to analyze and measure implementation of VoIP service using security function (SRTP) at University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) in Malaysia. This study posits several research questions: i) what is the STRP performance level of the VoIP over WLAN based on one-to-one call and multi conference call? nd ii) which codecs are able to provide better improvement of VoIP conversation? Figure 2. 1 and Figure 2. 2 show the flow of VoIP conversation call between one-to-one and multi conference. We measure our voice quality using human perception. Mean Opinion Score (MOS) technique is the best approach to measure and ISSN : 0975-3397 898 Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 validate voice quality between one-to-one call and multi conference call. Figure 2. 3 shows the measurement of VoIP performance over WLAN using SRTP implementation.We also test on different codecs selection such G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX. III. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Figure 2. 1: VoIP over One-to-One Conversation This section measures and compares VoIP performance over WLAN using SRTP function. In voice and video communication, quality usually dictates whether the experience is a good or bad one. Besides the qualitative description we hear, like ‘quite good' or ‘very bad', there is a numerical method of expressing voice and video quality. It is called Mean Opinion Score (MOS). MOS can be tested using: i) human perception; ii) simulation model; and iii) automated system [1] [2].MOS gives a numerical indication of the perceived quality of the media received after being transmitted and eventually compressed using codecs. MOS is expressed in one number, from 1 to 5, 1 being the worst and 5 the best. MOS is quite subjective; as it is based figures that result from what is perceived by people during tests (refer to Table 3. 1). We will select five different users to evaluate and rate the VoIP performance using SRTP and without SRTP functionality. When users cannot get a dial tone or there are excessive delays in ringing the other party’s phone, VoIP performance is unacceptable.Call quality is a function of packet loss rate, delay, and jitter is typically represented as a MOS [3], [4]. Table 3. 1: Mean Opinion Score (MOS) Ratings Mean Opinion Score (MOS) Ratings Excellent 5 (Perfect. Like face-to-face conversation Figure 2. 2: VoIP over Many-to-Many (Multi Conference) Conversation Good Fair Poor Bad or radio reception) 4 (Fair. Imperfections can be perceived, but sound still clear. This is (supposedly) the range for cell phones) 3 (Annoying) 2 (Very annoying. Nearly impossible to communicate) 1 (Impossible to communicate) Figure 3. shows the configuration of codec protocol such as G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX. This 3CX softphone is able to active ‘Echo Cancellation’ and ‘SRTP’. The VoIP experiments will receive two types of modes: i) one-to-one call conversation; ii) multi conference call (many-to-many). Figure 3. 2 shows the result of VoIP one-to-one conversation. Figure 3. 3 shows the result of VoIP multi conference (many-to-many) call. Figure 2. 3: Measurement and Evaluation of VoIP over WLAN using SRTP Approach ISSN : 0975-3397 899 Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 2, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 improvement on VoIP quality performance and at the same time able to provide element of security (refer to Table 3. 3 and Figure 3. 5). The significant improvement is GSM and SPEEX codecs after implemented SRTP. Table 3. 2: Multi Conference without SRTP User Codec Figure 3. 1: 3CX Softphone Codec and SRTP Configuration G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX User 1 3 4 1 2 5 User 2 3 3 1 2 4 User 3 2 3 1 3 4 User 4 3 4 1 2 4 User 5 2 4 1 2 5 Figure 3. 2: One-to-One Call Conversation Result Figure 3. 4: Users Rate VoIP for Multi Conference Call Without SRTP Table 3. : Multi Conference with SRTP User Codec G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX Figure 3. 3: Multi Conference Call (many-tomany) Conversation Result Most of the users agreed and rates this VoIP without SRTP will provide a good quality for G. 711 and G. 726 codecs. Other users agreed a nd rates 4 to 5 ratings for SPEEX codec without using SRTP during multi conference conversation (refer to Table 3. 2 and Figure 3. 4). After implemented SRTP on VoIP during multi conference session occurs, it shows some User 1 2 3 4 5 5 User 2 1 3 4 5 5 User 3 1 2 3 4 5 User 4 2 2 3 4 5 User 5 1 2 3 4 5 ISSN : 0975-3397 900Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 Table 3. 5: One-to-One Call with SRTP User Codec G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX User 1 2 3 2 4 5 User 2 1 3 2 4 4 User 3 1 2 2 4 5 User 4 2 2 2 4 4 User 5 2 3 2 4 5 Figure 3. 5: Users Rate VoIP for Multi Conference Call With SRTP Most of the users agreed and rates this VoIP oneto-one call without SRTP will also provide low quality for G. 711, G. 726 and GSM codecs. Other users agreed and rates 3 and 5 ratings for iLBC and SPEEX codecs without using SRTP during one-to-one call (refer to Table 3. and Figure 3. 6). After implemented SRTP on VoIP during o ne-to-one session occurs, it shows significant improvement on VoIP quality performance for G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX over WLAN (refer to Table 3. 5 and Figure 3. 7). Table 3. 4: One-to-One Call Without SRTP User Codec G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX User 1 2 1 2 3 5 User 2 2 2 2 3 4 User 3 2 1 2 4 4 User 4 1 1 1 3 4 User 5 1 2 2 4 4 Figure 3. 7: Users Rate VoIP for One-to-One Call with SRTP Figure 3. 8 and Figure 3. 9 show the average MOS score for VoIP conversation over one-to-one call and multi conference call (many-to-many), respectively.VoIP Conversation over Multi Conference Call: Before implemented SRTP, the average MOS score for G. 711 is 2. 5, 3. 5 for G. 726, 1 for GSM, 2. 1 for iLBC and 4. 5 for SPEEX. After implemented SRTP, the average MOS score for G. 711 and G. 726 are decreased the ratings approximately 1 to 2. 5. GSM, iLBC and SPEEX codecs show the average MOS score are 3. 5, 4. 5 and 5. GSM, iLBC and SPEEX codec show the increasing of VoIP performance after i mplemented SRTP (refer to Figure 3. 8). VoIP Conversation over One-to-One Call: Before implemented SRTP, the average MOS score for G. 711 is 1. , 1. 4 for G. 726, 1. 8 for GSM, 3. 5 for iLBC and 4. 2 for SPEEX. After implemented SRTP, the average MOS score shows the significant improvement for G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX codecs. Therefore, implementation of SRTP can improve the VoIP quality performance for one-to-one call over WLAN (refer to Figure 3. 9). Figure 3. 6: Users Rate VoIP for One-to-One Call without SRTP ISSN : 0975-3397 901 Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 dependency conditions that could influence voice quality.Future work, we will extend our experiment on VoIP over VPN implementation in Campus environment. References [1]. Moura N. T. ; Vianna B. A. ; Albuquergue C. V. N; Rebello V. E. F & Boeres C. â€Å"MOS-Based Rate Adaption for VoIP Sources†. IEEE International Confe rence on Communication, pp. 628-633, 2007. [2]. Masuda M. & Ori K. â€Å"Delay Variation Metrics for Speech Quality Estimation of VoIP†. Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEIC) Technical Report, Vol. 101(11), pp. 101-106, 2001. [3]. R. G. Cole & J. H. Rosenbluth. â€Å"Voice over IP Performance Monitoring†. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Rev.Vol. 31(2), pp. 9-24, 2001. [4]. L. Ding & R. Goubran. â€Å"Speech Quality Prediction in VoIP Using the Extended e-Model. Global Telecommunication Conference, GLOBECOM ’03. IEEE, Vol. 7, pp. 3974-3978, 2003. [5]. Alexandre P. ; Edjair M. ; & Edjard M. â€Å"Analysis of the Secure RTP Protocol on Voice over Wireless Networks using Extended MedQoS†. Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 86 – 87, 2009. [6]. M. Baugher, D. McGrew, M. Naslund, E. Carrara, & K. Norrman. â€Å"The Secure Real- Time Transport Protocol (SRTP)†. RFC 3711 (Proposed Standa rd), March 2004. [7] Douglas C. Sicker & Tom L. VoIP Security: Not an Afterthought†, FEATURE: Q focus: Voice Over IP, Vol. 2(6), pp. 56-64, 2004. [8] Vesselin I. , Theodor T. , & Amdt T. â€Å"Experiences in VoIP telephone network security policy at the University of Applied Sciences (FHTW) Berlin†, Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Computer systems and technologies, Bulgaria, Vol. 285(3), 2007. [9] Wafaa B. D. , Samir T. , & Carole B. â€Å"Critical vpn security analysis and new approach for securing voip communications over vpn networks†, Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Wireless multimedia networking and performance modelling,Chania, Crete Island, Greece, pp. 2-96, 2007. [10] Nekita A. C. , & Chhabria S. A. â€Å"Multiple design patterns for voice over IP security†, Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control, Mumbai, India, pp. 530 – 534, 2009. Figure 3. 8: VoIP Conversa tion over Multi Conference Call over WLAN Figure 3. 9: VoIP Conversation over One-to-One Call over WLAN IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Based on the results, implementation of SRTP using GSM, iLBC and SPEEX codecs are able to generate high quality of VoIP conversation WLAN for one-to-one conversation and multi conference call (many-to-many).After implemented SRTP for multi conference call (many-to-many), the MOS result indicates that G. 711 and G. 726 codec will decrease the performance of VoIP conversation over WLAN. Overall of our finding, it confirms that enable SRTP will improve and increase the quality of one-to-one VoIP conversation and VoIP over multi conference call (only for iLBC, GSM and SPEEX codecs). Since the manual/human MOS tests are quite subjective and less than productive in many ways, there are nowadays a number of software tools that carry out automated MOS testing in a VoIP deployment.Although they lack the human touch, the good thing with these tests is that the y take into account all the network ISSN : 0975-3397 902 Copyright of International Journal on Computer Science & Engineering is the property of Engg Journals Publications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.

The Importance of Education Essay - 782 Words

The Importance of Education Education has always been a crucial part of society for the past centuries. Some believe that our education is a privilege. Some believe that our education is a right. Some believe that our education is an obligation. The only obligation we might have towards education is to treat it as a privilege as well as a right, but certainly not an obligation to have an education. Education has been the basis for the success we see in our parents, our teachers, and more importantly, ourselves. Over time, people have considered and concluded that education is a privilege. Education is a privilege because not many people can afford an education, and we should be grateful that we have this opportunity that†¦show more content†¦This is true because you cannot be denied an education based on your nationality, skin color, hair color, or any physical features, even being handicapped. It is the right of the individual to seek an education, as long as the individual is fully capable financially and mentally. Let say ?Melissa,? a fictional fourteen-year-old African-American girl, wants to attend Hinsdale Central. A fairly good school, if I do say so myself, for a student to attend preceding college, as I have. Let?s say Hinsdale Central refuses to let Melissa attend their school for various reasons, such as her skin color. It?s Melissa?s constitutional right to contest this decision by the fact that the school denied her admittance based on her skin color, which is di scrimination. However, the school does not have to admit Melissa, even though she is completely qualified. The individual does not have the right to an education, but rather has the right to seek and education. The individual can only have a right to an education if the school offering the education refuses them based on physical features. What about obligations, is an education one of them? Education can be an obligation in a personal way, but education is certainly not an obligation to receive in the general aspect. If a person feels obligated about their education, they are most likely not going to be motivated. Motivation comes from the parents, the teachers, and theShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Education - Importance Of Education864 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of education When I was younger, I firmly believed that my education didn t matter. During my freshman year I had no attention to pass any of my classes. I could care less because I was an illegal immigrant and all odds of me ever to attend university were nowhere to be seen. This all started when I found out that my big brother was forced to withdraw from his airplane pilot class due to status in this country. 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For my grandparents, it was not even possible to attend school in any form. When my family chose to come to the US, they gave my brother and me the most amazing gift, the opportunity to gain a real education. I was given the chance to not have to struggle with attaining the best education possible. The struggles my family faced helped me realize that education is a true privilege. My family’s lack of education helps me focus more on getting