Danone History Essay

1.history: The original company bearing the corporate name was founded in 1919 by Isaac Carasso, a Spanish physician of Greek origin, in Barcelona. In 1923, he came up with a unique treatment for patient with digestive problems and he developed a product that he distributed though pharmacies and drug stores, and which soon became a big success-yoghurt. The factory was named Danone, a Catalan diminutive of the name of his first son, Daniel Carasso. Ten years later, the company moved from Spain to neighboring France and the first French factory was built. In 1949, the yoghurt was firstly packaged in a glass can. In 1951, this glass package replaced the porcelain can which was used before and because of this change the yoghurt became more popular and very common in diary healthy alimentation. In 1968, Danone was firstly announced in TV. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njZNtHoM6ZQ Some years later, they extended their brand by producing â€Å"petit suise† (1972), â€Å"Natillas† (1974) and also the first non-fat (1985). In 1988, Danone commercialized â€Å"Bio Yoghurt†, which nowadays helps us with digestive matters. In 1992, Danone was the main sponsor of the Barcelona 92 Olympic Games which added more popularity to the company. One year later, Danone Institute was born. The aim of this institute is to improve the citizen nutrition habits. In 1995, Danone continued extending its brand by incorporating Actimel, which supposed a revolution in the alimentary world due to its purpose of defense. In 1998, Danone was the official sponsor of France football world championship. 2 years later, they create the official website of Danone: www.Danone.es. In 2004, Danone commercialized â€Å"Danacol†, a product which aim is to reduce cholesterol in a simple and efficient way. Danone launched a campaign in order to encourage families to lead a healthy lifestyle :†Danone Family†. In 2006, Danone started producing soya yoghurts 100 % vegetal. DANONE NOWADAYS†¦ Since 1998, Groupe DANONE has been organised in three business divisions worldwide which, in 2004, represented more than 97% of its consolidated sales: Fresh Dairy Products which groups together yoghurts, desserts and infant foods represent about 50% of the Groupe’s consolidated sales,  Beverages, essentially packaged water, which represent about 25% of consolidated sales and Biscuits and Cereal products, which represent about 22% of consolidated sales. The motors of this supported growth are: a strong health/ well-being positioning, at the heart of concerns of consumers and new consumption opportunities (times or places) combined with the dynamism of the growth of emerging countries. This focus on 3 dynamic categories allows the company to have a determining strategic asset at its disposal to continue to display a growth rate that is higher than the average in the sector. 2.Internationalization: Balanced geographical presence Today nearly 31% of the company’s sales are on emerging markets. This brings Danone close to its target, which is to do 40% of business on emerging markets and 60% in developed countries – a balanced presence that means they benefit from both the high potential of developing economies and the steady demand of more mature markets. In recent years, Group DANONE has built up strong positions on emerging markets to take the number-one place in each of their three core businesses. This successful international expansion rewards a strategy focusing on a limited number of countries, selected for their growth potential, where Danone has the size to achieve significant economies of scale. Products within the reach of most consumers, high-profile brands, and effective, wide-ranging distribution for sales close to consumers are the essential components of our model for profitable growth on emerging markets, which we sum up as affordability, awareness and availability. In Western Europe, too, Group DANONE can look forward to continued, steady growth, building on strengths that include well-established positions. World leadership built on local strength In each of its business lines Danone is a world leader, which gives it a clear competitive advantage in terms of marketing expertise, industrial efficiency, breadth of product ranges and R&D. And in each case, world leadership is built on strong number one positions on local markets, enabling the company to forge both close ties to consumers and balanced, long-term relationships with major retailers., unrivalled familiarity with  local consumers, and a recognized capacity for effective innovation http://www.danone.com/en/company/global-presence.html 3.INTERNAL CHACARTERISTICS: VALUES/FUNCTIONS/ SWOT: -Strengths- In this part of the SWOT analysis we will focus on the strengths of the company. * Brand loyalty Danone disposes of an excellent background which, along with the consumer’s product perception creates this brand loyalty which allows the demand to be inelastic. Therefore Danone guarantees its sells stability. (falta rollo) * Innovation thanks to Danone Institute, this company is able to invest on a regular basis, in R&D, obtaining from it new product lines which fulfill consumer’s needs. * Distribution channels Since the beginnings Danone reaches daily every single supermarket in every corner of the world thanks to its perfectly adapted transportation system which maintains all the products fresh and ready to be consumed. * Danone has a perfect flow of information inside the company. Information travels perfectly, up and down the hierarchical pyramid. Departments have coordination policies in order to take the maximum profit of their resources. This philosophy gives a chance to creativity and allows to improve current product lines as well as to launch new ones. -Weaknesses- * Danone depends basically on daily products. We consider that if the company really wants to keep growing and becoming one of the multinational leaders, it should diversify its income sources. * A main problem Danone has, when willing to grow by exporting outside the EU is that its products are fresh and with a short caducity period. Therefore, if the company wants to take good positioning in foreign markets, it must invest in new facilities. Another option would be to create new product ranges of non-refrigerated yogurts which caducity periods are longer. -Opportunities- Danone Vitalinea has a strong presence in the fat free yoghurt market. Its 56% market share gives Danone the opportunity to invest in R&D in order to launch to the market new fat free products and sell them to the same  consumers. Taking advantage of the increasing personal image concern, Vitalinea should be one of the strongest ranges of Danone Yoghurts, in order to properly supply the latent demand. Some segments of the population are not a target for Danone, and this should change. Danone should be a brand that consumers would buy every time they go to the store. Danone should be a brand that every family should have at home. The way to achieve it is to differentiate its products by offering special flavours and innovative possibilities. The consumer needs to know that Danone is the only brand that can offer the more specialized products, without forgetting about health, quality and price. -Threats- Danone Vitalinea is facing a market where too many products are offered to the different costumers. As we know, Danone Vitalinea has a 56% yoghurt market share, but competitors actually fight for the rest 44%. Danone offers quality products with high prices and competitors offer lower prices for the same type of products. This means that the consumer should receive a big added value when deciding to buy a Danone product. This market is plenty of imported products from other countries that accomplish with health and quality standards that Danone offers. The critical point is that they offer it at a lower price and if consumers decide to change Danone for another cheaper imported brand and they like it, Danone will definitely loose these consumers.

Electrolux Case Summary Essay

As the largest domestic products manufacturer in the world, Electrolux has about 70000 employees all around the world in about 150 countries, making 14 billion euros in sales in 2005. However, an acquisition case from its main competitor, Whirlpool, is challenging the ? rst place of Electrolux, at the time Electrolux has just decided to divest its outdoor division. A huge decrease in sales in the following years is expected. Starting from 1920s, Electrolux has been famous for its expertise in industrial design on products such as vacuum cleaner and refrigeration. The products quickly got popular not only in its home country in Sweden, but in other western countries such as Germany, France, USA and UK, due to the homogeneous culture of these countries. A major growth in demand after World War II contributed a lot to its growth. With a large amount of accumulated cash of the past decades, Electrolux decided to expand quickly through a number of acquisitions for more market share and diversi? cation. In late 20th century, Electrolux discovered new markets in developing countries when the market in western countries was already very mature and was even showing a sign of going down. It also went through a phase of restructuring the segmentations of products as well as abandoned some less important activities. Up until 2006, the company has addressed its new strategies mainly on functional level to correspond to the challenges. To maximize the pro? t, the production would be outsourced to developing countries with lower labor costs. More ef? ient logistics has made the globalization more feasible and cost-saving. On the product market level, due to the market polarization, a more distinguishing product segmentation would be applied. While keeping the basic low-price products, Electrolux is launching a series of products with higher prices to satisfy the high-end market. On the other hand, 2% of sales would be put in R&D to keep a high rate of new products launches. The supply chain management has always been vital when it comes to consumer goods industry. When Electrolux is outsourcing more of the productions, it is also hifting the strategy of distribution channels. Instead of traditional dealers, big chains with large volume and high geographical coverage are brought up front because of lower serving cost. Above all these, the company keeps making efforts on brand-building by investing at least 2% of the sales every year. With more products are sold under Electrolux’s name, the company is also improving its brand image by stressing more on their culture through internal and external relations among employees, suppliers and retailers, etc.

See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

See below - Essay Example Such teams help individual members of the team better understand the project goals, and the team becomes capable of solving very challenging and complex problems that are well beyond the capability of the best employee working alone (Katzenbach and Smith 1994). The manager has to be ready to contribute to team-based activities in important ways and to feel free to voice their views without fear of creating unmanageable conflict. The main elements of management style involve high performance communication, time and performance management, good conflict resolution skills and situational decision-making. A high-performance team needs a situational leader able to respond effectively to changing conditions and conflict situations. The leader should have excellent communication skills and cultural knowledge. This systems view suggests that leaders can and do change high performance teams by mutually reinforcing and amplifying stimuli within their systems. Directing and coaching, supporting and delegating should be the core of diversity management and team building. The challenge for the leader is to be a source of comfort for high performance team members. Working with people from different social classes and racial groups, the leader should be perceptible and flexible, permissive and strong (Zweifel, 2003). His personal qualities and behavior should motivate employees to follow established rules and procedures, maintain mutual understanding and

Social Work - Welfare Agenda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Work - Welfare Agenda - Essay Example Wales also introduced Childrens Commissioner into the social welfare network. This was later to be implemented by Scotland as well. However, Wales did not limit itself to Children’s Commissioner but rather went a step ahead and introduced the Older Peoples Commissioner. The chairperson of this new post would be bestowed with the primary job to consider and promote interests of the senior citizen in Wales by removing discrimination and modifying legislations among other things. The Welsh Assembly actively participated in these programs. Only in England and Wales has the Mental Capacity Act 2005 been implemented. An adult mental health plan is also in the pipeline as the Welsh Assembly is working on it. The Councils in Wales also take part in the development of the social sector and also helps in the development of the social services workers and volunteers. A Social Services Improvement Agency has also been introduced in Wales in order to develop the services rendered by the local authority. This is done by informing the workforce about the prevalent policies, research and various legislations in practice. Since 2007 the Welsh Assembly government facilitated the amalgamation of two bodies into a new Care and Social Services Inspectorate Wales (CSSIW). The purpose of the CSSIW was to develop the existing facilities for social services. In the future, one may foresee two possible scenarios1. Qualified social workers are most important to attend to the welfare of the society. Over the years, the demand for social workers has increased leading to an imbalance and which is likely to remain for the next few years to come till there are more qualified social workers pitching for the job. This leads to the consequence wherein there is lack of local authorities to deliver social work services. The challenges thus presently existing the local authorities are

Encounter point Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Encounter point - Movie Review Example With the help of goal of promotion of peace between Israelis and Palestinians, it became easy for the director to make the movie a complete success. The main purpose of the movie was to make sure that people learn more about the nature of the status of relationship between Israelis and Palestinians (Avni). The cast of the movie includes Ali Abu Awwad, Robi Damelin, Sami Al Jundi, George Saadeh and many others who have done flawless work to make the documentary a hit of the millennium. The movie had managed to deliver its message through the characterization of different events that affected family settings in the society during the violent event between Israelis and Palestinians. The director has clearly projected each and every motive of the issue through different angles. Different people had elaborated their experiences in the documentary that adds up all the patterns of insecure relationship between Palestinians and Israelis. The depictions of family have not been false as the non-profit organization Just Vision had constantly followed these families for about sixteen months in tota (Avni)l. The documentary had been directed with the help of in-depth analysis of the consequences. The director and cast of the documentary had conducted interviews for the purpose of analysis. There were 475 participants who were interviewed during the research for the documentary. For the purpose of effective research of the relationship status between Palestinians and Israelis, the team of the documentary, Encounter Point had to travel throughout Israel. The families which were followed by the non-profit organization greatly contributed and helped the team of the documentary as they were willing to reduce the hatred between the two nations. The goal of the families was observed to finish the war between the two nations that almost got devastating every day (Avni). The plot of the story

Answer the 2 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer the 2 questions - Essay Example Based on this, the manner in which Jews were being treated and the manner in which the Muslims are being treated in present day, each are compared for co relation and contrast in between the two if any. The two concepts find number of sparkling identical aspects at the same time, they find number of dissimilarities based on which each may form for a different form of concept. The Jews in those days were depicted as sub humans with little capability of intellect and understanding. They were termed as uncultured on account of their handling of different social affairs. Muslims in the modern times are often directed to as barbaric and being hostile towards other communities. These activities came forth for the first time in form of 2001 when all of the hijackers and perpetrators of the Twin towers were Muslims. As a result a general perception of hatred and disregard for Muslims started prevailing .In the modern times, the Muslims of the Europe are often taken for with discontent and disregard based on similarly new ideas and ideologies. These ideologies have originated as a result of hatred towards them that is on account of terrorism. Terrorism has unfortunately been associated with Muslims at large. This in turn has given rise to the ideas and concepts of Islam o phobia (Israeli,p. 15). As a result of this, the Muslims in general are being targeted in terms of discrimination, disdain and unhealthy outward response to them in the different social sectors of society in Europe and America at large. An element of contrast between the two concepts is the fact that Muslims are not being executed largely or directly on account of the difference and conflicting ideologies between the two societies. In case of anti Semitic campaign, the Jews were being sidelined and contained in isolation places such as Ghettos (Michman,p .155). It can be safely said that there have been instances where the role of media in West

Merged School of Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Merged School of Business - Essay Example They are globalization, technology and sustainability (Schuler & MacMillan, 2006). It is worthy of mentioning that the expression ‘human resource management’ has been used in the context of practicing organizations as well as academicians since last ten to fifteen years. Formerly, the concept was referred as personnel administration. Human resource management takes into consideration all the activities that are undertaken by the enterprises for the purpose of utilizing the resources of the organisation effectively in order to attain individual, organisational as well as group goals (Franklyn, n.d.). A well-crafted merger as well as acquisition strategy can assist an organisation to attain competitive advantage and therefore help in the creation of the shareholders value (London Business School, 2011). The case study is related to the problems faced by All Star University which is the product of a government-sponsored amalgamation between two universities as well as their school/departments. One of them is 115 years old Sandstone University and the other one is 20 years old Redbrick Institute of Technology. The main objective of the essay is to identify the key stakeholders involved in the case study and to discuss their major interests. It will also try to examine the HR challenges as well as problems involved in this merger and therefore will present solutions and recommendations in order to overcome the challenges. Stakeholders can be identified as the persons who get influenced by the strategic plan. Stakeholders may be either group of people, institutions, and organisations or may as well be individuals. The term ‘stakeholder’ may as well be identified as actors or as interest groups. It can be mentioned that the acknowledgement of the stakeholders is an iterative procedure. It is significant to mention that the stakeholders may be at any position in the society. They may be at international level to national, regional, household o r intra-household level. It may comprise all those who affect or may get affected because of the policies, actions or decision in any particular method (International Centre For Development Oriented Research In Agriculture, n.d.). It is often noted that universities are termed as typical organisation which are made up of the stakeholders. The overall management as well as development of the university is completely dependent by its close association with the stakeholders. Conventionally, universities were simply taken as institutions comprising of teachers providing lessons or conducting researches, students of all the levels, various other employees who were held accountable for the business work as well as academic work, the course systems and other related resources and management procedures. However, such opinions generally ignore other development resources as well as social capital. The major stakeholders in any university can be teachers, parents, commercial circle, students, public as well as private sectors of the economy, mass media, professional associations as well as the society (Yi & Rui, n.d.). In the context of this case study, there are many parties who are actively involved. Sandstone University is one of the stakeholders which are in operation since 115 years. The other significant stakeholder is Redbrick Institute of Technology which is into existence

Case Study Topic about risk management of events or meeting Essay

Case Study Topic about risk management of events or meeting - Essay Example e specific study chosen focuses on the collapse of a stage on 13th August 2011 at the Indiana State Fair, as attendees waited for Sugarland, a prominent band, to perform. The tragic incident, caused by strong winds preceding a storm, led to four deaths and critical injury of about twenty four individuals. Following the accident, the event was cancelled, and subsequent entertainment fairs involving the performing band suffered the same fate. This shows that the accident set off a series of negative events. For instance, in addition to the deaths, injuries, and events cancellation, the affected attendees also filed expensive law suits against Indiana State Fair (CNN Wire Staff, 2011). Some of the factors that will be examined in the case analysis will include: How consistency in event scrutiny and review of meeting activities can pave way for problem detection and prevention or mitigation measures, especially since the incident under scrutiny could have been avoided through early

The American people Essay Example for Free

The American people Essay The offensive had some initial successes for the Vietnamese because American intelligence failed to detect the build-up of enemy troops. One of the most famous events during this offensive was the infiltration of the American embassy in the South Vietnamese capital Saigon by a 15-man suicide squad, all of whom were easily killed. A reporter at the time in the embassy which was regarded as the safest place in Vietnam saw this as it was happening and this crisis was viewed by millions around the globe. After confident predictions of an imminent victory many Americans were shocked to see footage of Communist fighters in the grounds of the American embassy which created a ‘credibility gap’ between the official message and what was seen happening on television. Famously Walter Cronkite, the most influential US anchorman said â€Å"What the hell is going on? I thought we were winning this war†. The introduction of draft of new soldiers further increased opposition, and many burnt their draft cards. Black and other minorities, who made up the largest proportion of the American army, did not want to fight ‘for something that they don’t have themselves’, especially since many white people got out of the draft by going to college. Famously Muhammad Ali was prosecuted for refusing to be drafted and said, â€Å"No Vietcong ever called me nigger†. Also the shooting of Vietnam Veterans who were peacefully protesting outside Kent state only caused more unrest amongst the American people. Huge marches were taking place against the war, with a million people joining one in New York. Between 1960 and 1973 over 500,000 men deserted from the armed forces and in 1967 ‘Vietnam Veterans against the War’ was formed. Particularly significant in undermining support for the war at home was the growing realisation of the brutality of the war. US troops were trained to see the enemy as not human so that they felt able to kill them. The tactic of ‘Search and Destroy’ were intended to help find Communist guerrillas hiding in villages, but often resulted in innocent civilians being attacked and having their houses and crops destroyed as collateral damage. The use of chemical defoliants was also very damaging as they were found later to be carcinogenic and America’s indiscriminate bombing seemed only to alienate the South Vietnamese rather than win other their ‘Hearts and Minds’. The most famous atrocity of the war was the massacre in the village of My Lai on March 1968. The company was told that a Vietcong battalion was hiding in the village and that any villagers found were definitely communist supporters. Despite finding no enemy fighters they destroyed the village and killed hundreds of its inhabitants. At first this massacre was kept secret and only on November 12th 1969 did the story appear in the American press after a reporter talked about the story to an officer on trial for this massacre. The reports of the massacre greatly strengthened the anti-war movement in America. This shook many Americans view of themselves as the ‘good guys’ and made them question whether America was fighting for a just cause. In addition the $66 million a day spent by 1968 meant that President Johnson’s spending on a new ‘Great Society’ was drastically cut, and income tax rose. $900 million worth of American equipment had been destroyed however they had only done $300 million worth of damage to the North Vietnamese economy. Also the cost of the troops in Vietnam amounted to about $20 to $30 billion a year. In 1967 ‘Life Magazine’ calculated it cost $400,000 for each Vietcong guerrilla killed. The media was the most powerful reason for America losing the war and the fact that it was uncensored meant that gruesome pictures were reported back in America which caused un-repairable damage to the war effort. This war showed definitively that if the people at home are not happy to fight, a country will never win. The power and danger of the media was shown with the recent Wikileaks scandal, showing that there is a need not to have everything out in the public. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Vietnam 1954-1975 section.

Angel in the house essay Essay Example for Free

Angel in the house essay Essay Do you agree with the view that during the second half of the nineteenth century the concept of the â€Å"angel in the house† lost its relevance? I believe that by the end of the second half the nineteenth century the concept of the â€Å"angel in the house† had not lost its relevance. Many laws were in place to protect women legally but socially women were still seen as inferior to men and the ideology of the separate spheres was still the ideal way for men and women to act by society. Women were viewed as â€Å"Angels† which was seen the most accepted path for women to take and were still greatly wanted as well as being expected by the others, especially the middle class. On the law front courts still favoured men with an example being the Jacksons case in 1891 where Mr Jackson imprisoned his wife in their home for refusing to have sex at his choosing. This was effectively breaking the Matrimonial Causes Act 1884 designed to prevent this from occurring in the marriage. However due to the bias which was shown towards men at that current time the courts initially sides with Mr Jackson because, they and he argued, a Victorian home was a taboo and the act was carried out in his own home. Eventually after much protesting form Mrs Jackson’s friends the case was turned around forcing Mr Jackson to release his wife. This shows the complete lack of support and empathy women received from anyone apart from their own and also how disregarded their opinions were when it came to the law, and that it was more down those in the court and what their feelings were towards women’s rights. On the other hand there is evidence to suggest the â€Å"Angel in the house† had lost its relevance due mainly incessant campaigning from women forcing government reforms. Up until 1870 women had no financial control over their earnings putting them at a major disadvantage when it came to men and controlling their own lives. However this all changed with the Married Women’s Property Act (MWPA) passed in 1870 that now entitled women to have control over their earnings and thus their lives. Furthermore in 1882 the MWPA allowed women to attain what they owned at the time of the marriage such as the right to own, sell and buy property as well as sue which inevitably lead to an increase in divorces. A problem before these acts was passed was that women were very much under the control of their partner as he held the key to money and this prevented many women form leaving abusive and unwanted relationships, the act now changed that  and it could be said reduced the â€Å"angel in the house’s† relevance because women now had more freedom and could support themselves rather than being financially tied to their partner and having to be the â€Å"Angel in the house†. The unfairness of the sexual double standard is highlighted here as women were only able divorce their husbands if the committed incest or long dissertation where as men could divorce their wife for both the reasons as well as adultery which women could not, allowing men to have other relationships within their marriage and be unfaithful with women unable to do anything about it. In conclusion that although there was significant progress towards eliminating the concept of the â€Å"Angel of the house† such as the MWPA which were substantial achievements but there is more evidence to suggest that during the nineteenth century the concept of the â€Å"Angel of the house† had not lost its relevance as women still viewed as inferior to men. This was mainly because although many laws had been changed the views of society had not and this was the key factor as most still did not value women or their rights. A major example was the Jackson case with the husband breaking the law but the court siding with him because he was a man and she a woman, they were blatantly bias and only changed this when forced by the might of Mrs Jackson’s friends and supporters. Society controlled whether or not the â€Å"Angel the house† concept still applied and it still did in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Sms Banking Marketing Plan

Sms Banking Marketing Plan BankMuscat is I well known bank in Oman and consider the best financial organization and the winner of 8 in raw as Bank of the year (Times of Oman 2010). It provides large banking services which fulfills most country demands including consumers, businesses and government. The main divisions of the bank are retail banking and wholesale banking. Within these divisions there are E-channels which are call center, ATM, CDM, cards, Internet and mobile banking. The demand for electronic banking services is increasing since Oman strategic is to convert the conventional system to E-government (e.oman 2010). While these changes in country is ongoing, most of organizations adapting to go electronically in order to compete in the market. BankMuscat is one of the leaders to adapt new innovative technologies which make them step ahead from other banks. An opportunity exists for SMS banking for two reasons: None of other banks yet provided transactions over SMS while BankMuscat SMS banking existing system support this feature. Expand the language to Arabic in SMS banking to cover existing BankMuscat customer of non-users of SMS banking. All other banks local not offering this type of services and they only were providing informative SMS banking rather than interactive transaction (Ecommerce Journal 2009). Our new service in existing SMS banking will lead the market since BankMuscat has a large portion of market share of customers. The current stats show a large usage in electronic services and people become more technology aware. The stats shows also huge increase in the number of registered customers with SMS banking and comparing total registration in 2009 by 110,099 while in 2010 the total registration as of month of November is 134,926 (appendix 1,2). Moreover, the increase also occurs in the usage of the service comparing it by last years and also comparing it with monthly transactions, 1,118,826 request in 2009 and 1,430,399 requests in 2010 (appendix 1,2). With all this increase if we applied the new services like transactions over SMS and Arabic enabled interface we will lead the market for years. This also will increase our commission profit for each SMS sent by customer and will attract more service providers to use our SMS banking service as a channel for bill payment. Our target customers will be all type of customers capable of using mobile phones to send SMS. The rapid increase in cell phone market with cheap prices and good rates of service providers is our key of success. Also the growth in Oman and increase the percentage of roads traffic is changing the habit of customers of paying for their bills and prefer to do all this at their home at own suitable time. Situation Analysis In order to build good relationship with our all stake holders we have to understand our environment forces around all our relationships. In the next section I will describe BankMuscat Internal and external environments along with their analysis. External environment (Mic, Mac) As a bank its obvious other local banks are our competitors and the main force and we will analysis this with Porters Five forces analysis. Porters Five forces Competitive Rivalry: our rivalry banks are HSBC because its an international well known bank and locally NBO which the second successful bank in Oman. Both are very adaptive to the technology and always competing. Threat of entry: misuse of SMS banking services may raise law issues which interferes the service as what happened to the NAWARS tel. bill payment portal shutdown by force of law. Also there is threat of leaks this new service to our competitors before launching will make a bad image of BankMuscat is imitating others initiatives. The power of buyers: Our customer will intend to use the SMS banking service a lot because they are directly transfer amount from their account to utility bills which is easer from withdrawal money from bank and then visiting utility providers outlet to pay their bills. The power of suppliers: since our utility providers are a few companies so there is limited of suppliers which will offer to market for their utility payments exclusively to BankMuscat because of the huge number of customers dealing with. The Threat of substitutes: the major threat is using the other channel which internet banking since its become more popular because the government encourages this initiative by name of E-government. Since we analyzed the microenvironment by using Porters analysis we also require doing another analysis in macro environment by using PEST analysis. PEST analysis Political Factors: Telecommunication Regulatory Authority may set rules and standards in order to protect the users from fraud by which will make the process of using SMS banking more complicated for users. Economical Factors: after the recession which happened during end of 2008 the market growth increases again in 2009 recovery stage and in 2010 most of companies started to gain profits (Oman Observer 2010). This increased the salaries and buying power from customers. In other hand, BankMuscat makes good profit in the three quarters of 2010 by increase in 26% (Sharif 2010) which allowed increasing the budget for department for development. Social Factors: The resist of change is one of the culture factors that are facing the banking developments. Some of interior customers still prefer to pay their bills by visiting the utility providers. But the good thing is our Arabic based SMS banking will capture those who dont want to use other language to do their transactions. The go green campaign which sponsored by many environment organizations and with support of government is focusing in reduce papers in businesses and here comes SMS banking as free papers service which is widely accepted as eco-friendly. Technological Factors: SMS banking has good opportunity because the bank strategies are to change the attention from visiting branches to do banking services remotely (BankMuscat 2009). Most companies prefer to do their transactions without using papers and this good sign change customers behavior towards our new electronic services. The availability of mobile coverage and the range of choice with cheap prices all adding value for using SMS banking as first alternative. SWOT analysis After we captured the information for from external environment we will use it in our SWOT analysis as opportunities and threats. Strengths Current system already has the function for bill payments Current system is the latest in market Current system has the capability to add additional languages Management are very adaptive for new changes Low cost upgrade Weaknesses Limited IT staff for implementation Third party software needs support from vendor Other departments not support in marketing of other products Opportunities Fastest bills payment with one step from account to utility provider. Easy to capture more utility providers because of large base of customers in BankMuscat Gain the market of non-English users Government support and collaboration for new technologies Threats International banks are more advanced in technology Law enforce in case of misuse of this service by customers Internet banking may attract big portion of SMS banking customers Marketing Objective BankMuscat vision statement Over one million satisfied customers by 2010 through continuous enhancement of stakeholder value. In pursuit for customer satisfaction and comply with BankMuscat vision our new SMS banking system will fill the thirst of customers who deserve to get unique services at any time anywhere with no hassle of waiting. Target Market To get deep inside to our target market we will be using market segmentation process analysis. 1-Segmentation Variables Geographic: since SMS banking is mobile technology based service, so there is no limits because it depends on the coverage of mobile network operator even its support international rooming. The Arabic based SMS is targeting customers especially in rural areas which they are not able to deal with English language. Demographics: Targeted market customers with age range 18-65 years old both genders who are working in job or having business with all range of income with small level of knowledge in using mobile devices. Psychographic: Targeted market customers can be any lifestyle orientations with personality open minded Behavioral: Common variables of this segment are customers prefer easy and fast way of bill payment for medium usage in monthly rate and heavy usage for account enquiry. The user status can be ex-user, nonuser, potential user and existing user. 2- Market segment profile After analyzing the market variables we will now gather the common share of who, what and why to build segment profile. Our customer looks like any gender between 18-65 years old living anywhere having account in BankMuscat and using text messaging of our local mobile operators with sufficient knowledge in using mobile devices. Our customers appeals to do their bill payments at any time faster than any service with both local and English languages. Customers who want to make their bill payment easier and faster on monthly basis in case of bill payments and frequently in case of account quires. Our customer needs are to provide them with fastest one-click anytime and anywhere with free of charge bill payments service, also at their convenient language. 3-Targeting strategy Our marketing strategy will use a mix of undifferentiated and concentrated strategy. SMS Bill payment will satisfy any BankMuscat account holders who is having local mobile operator. But also our strategy will concentrate on special targeted customers who want to use SMS banking in Arabic version. 4-Evaluate of market segments Currently the total registered customers for year 2010 are 110099 by comparing to 2009 was 981120 which we estimate the increase by 25% because of the new service and additional language. There is no comparison with other banks because this is new service to market. The cost will only occur in implementation stage because of the system upgrade, Ads, brochures and banners. 5-Selecting target market Based on the overcome of the targeting strategy and along with BankMuscat vision we will use the mix of undifferentiated and concentrated marketing strategies to increase the usage between existing customers and to capture potential customers of our competitors to reach and exceeds the satisfactory levels. 6-Market positioning We are offering our new service to our main two segments, existing and new customers who will use their mobiles SMS for the first time to do transactions which no other banks in Oman provide such service for their customers. The second segment is to provide existing SMS banking service and SMS bill payment service in Arabic-based for remaining BankMuscat account holders. Like before this is new service which our customers will experience exclusively. 7-Developing marketing mix The next section we will be describing the marketing mix Marketing Strategies, 7Ps -Product: Our product is upgraded SMS banking service for account query and bill payments with both English and Arabic interface. -Place: SMS banking service can be accessed by any BankMuscat accounts holders using their mobile phones through our local mobile operators locally or international rooming. -Promotion: Ads will be announced in newspaper radio stations and BankMuscat web site before launching to keep the customer informed for the new service launching and after launching. Brochures and banners will be distributed to all branch channels and ATM/CDM. -Price: SMS banking will remain free of charge service and only customer cost is for SMS as normal cost rate of sending SMS from mobile phone to another. -Physical evidence: Customer will get confirmation SMS after the transaction with transaction code for reference. Customer can use their account statement as a record for their transactions. -Participants: Customers will get support by direct interaction with call center agents and branch staff. -Process: The service will be monitored by usual function in the bank core system with status of the customer. SMS banking team and billing team will have the access to daily reports of the transactions. Budget The budget for the project will divide into upgrading the system and marketing for the service. The system upgrade will cost OMR 55,000 including support from vendor. The second part is for publishing Ads through media newspapers and radio stations and this will cost OMR 13,000. Last part is for printing brochures and banners, which will cost around OMR 25,000. There will be yearly budget for the rewards of the best selling branch. Part of the budget we will get it after the approval from the management. We have good confidence in our management to support the new project as Sheik Abdul Malik Chairman of Bankmuscat described that BankMuscat is welcoming any opportunity to develop pioneered products and services meeting the market changes (Letha 2010). Implementation The action plan is represented in a timeline schedule in next page and will shows each activity time and assigned department with the managers of that activity Evaluation and recommendation Once we end with timeline of the project we will take deep insight view of how our new system is effectively meeting our goals. As we are providing a service we will have to depend on the reports of the system providing. The system will allow us to see for each branch how much registration they made in point of time. We will compare these reports by same month of the previous year to see the percentage of increase. Monthly we will extract reports of the number of bill payments starting from the launching moth of July and onward to see if the increase is happening from month to month. We will also check the payments of each of bill type and to see where the bill type is needs more attention to boost the sale of it. In case there is system failure easily our IT team are ready to switch the system maintenance mode which will stop any interaction with customers SMS and will send default replay as the system under maintenance please try again later. If the problem is persist in bill payme nt facility then we can disable this feature temporary and keep the normal account query facility working until we fix the problem. The bill payments complaint will be handled by bills team and to update any payments with utility provider. So the customer will not need to contact both the bank and the utility provider since we will do all the necessary actions to solve the customers issue. Reference: Times of Oman (2010) BankMuscat wins top Banker award. Times of Oman [online] 14 December 2010. Available from [23 December 2010]. ITA (2010) ITA Vision [online] available from [23 December 2010] Ecommerce Journal (2009) Electronic banking in the Sultanate of Oman Ecommerce Journal [online] available from [23 December 2010] Oman Observer (2009) Omans economic fundamentals remain strong. Oman Observer [online] 05 July 2010. available from [23 December 2010] Sharif,A. (2010) Bank Muscat Third-Quarter Net Income Increases 26% on Lending. Business Week [online] 14 October 2010. Available from [23 December 2010] BankMuscat (2009) BankMuscat widens reach of easy-to-use mobile banking service [online] available from [23 December 2010] Letha,J. (2010) True leader. Business Today [online] 01 Jun 2010. Available from [23 December 2010]

Non-masculine Roles in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Non-masculine Roles in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚   In William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello the three women characters have interesting roles. Through the dialogue and action other roles are stated or implied as applying to women.    In â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello† Valerie Wayne presents Desdemona’s reaction to Iago’s verbal expressions concerning women’s role as sexual objects:    Iago instead claims that four different kinds of women are sexually wanton: either their beauty or intelligence help them to bed, or their ugliness or foolishness get them there anyway. Fair or foul, wise or foolish, women are all whores to him. Desdemona dismisses this ‘miserable praise’ as ‘old fond paradoxes to make fools laugh i’ th’ alehouse’ (136-7), but it is a particularly rank form of such mockery that dilates in every instance upon women as objects for sexual use and then blames them, as whores, for a use constructed by that discourse. (163)    At the outset of the play Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken the senator with loud shouts about his daughter’s elopement with Othello. This is the initial reference to the role of women in the play – the role of wife. In response to the noise and Iago’s vulgar descriptions of Desdemona’s involvement with the general, Brabantio arises from bed. Iago’s bawdy references to the senator’s daughter present a second role of women – that of illicit lover. With Roderigo’s help, he gathers a search party to go and find Desdemona and bring her home. The father’s attitude is that life without his Desdemona will be much worse than before:... ...er own husband as the evil mastermind behind the murder results in Iago’s killing her. Despondent Othello, grief-stricken by remorse for the tragic mistake he has made, stabs himself and dies on the bed next to his wife.    Thus it is seen that the roles of women are many and varied – and are key to the successful development of the story.       WORKS CITED    Bevington, David, ed. William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies. New York: Bantam Books, 1980.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wayne, Valerie. â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello.† The Matter of Difference: Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991. e implicates

Gaining a Sense of Membership into Christian Europe Essay -- Religion

Gaining a Sense of Membership into Christian Europe Problems with format Introduction: ????????? Turkey is a unique nation that has been attempting to bridge the gap between the Muslim world and Western culture. Economics and foreign policy give the strongest background to the challenges Turkey has faced and what lies ahead in Turkey?s slow acceptance into the club of Europe. History: ????????? The country Turkey was formed in 1923 from the partitioning of the 600 year old Ottoman Empire, an ally of Germany in WWI. Mustafa Kemal was the leader greatly responsible for creating the republic and is consequently referred to as Ataturk, father of the Turks. Ataturk emphasized secularism, nationalism, and modernization in the regions around Anatolis and Thrace. Ataturk?s social, political, economic, and linguistic reforms became known as ?Kemalism?, and drew inspiration greatly from the West (state.gov). In the year 1945 it officially became a member of the United Nations and participated in the Korean War, later becoming a part of NATO in 1952. Turkey has since grown to become a strategically important eastern member for NATO, and a NATO headquarter is located in Izmir. ?After WWII, Turkey and Greece received security from communism in the form of aid from the United States in the Truman Doctrine. Turkey drafted a formal constitution in 1982 and its government currently consists of 3 branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The majority of the population lives in urban areas, Istanbul home to 9.7 million citizens and the capital Anakara 3.7 million. Turkey?s 780,580 km2 lie in one of the most earthquake prone areas of the world. Although a secular republic, 98% of the population is Muslim, the majority being ... .... Department of State. 13 Dec. 2003 <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3432/htm>. Country Profile-Cyprus. Central Intelligence Agency. 13 Dec. 2003 <http://www.cia.gov>. Greece Now. Greek Embassy. 13 Dec. 2003 <http://www.greece.gr>. Khan, Adnan R. "On the Edge." Maclean's. 8 Dec. 2003: MasterFILE Premier. 17 Dec. 2003 Scheifer, Yigal. "Turkey chafes at European 'snub'." Christian Science Monitor. 16 Dec. 2003: MasterFILE Premier. Cleveland Public Library. 17 Dec. 2003 Squitieri, Tom. "Moderate, West-oriented Turkey is 'logical target'." USA Today 21 Nov. 2003: 14A. NewsBank. Cleveland Public Library. 17 Dec. 2003 Turkey. Turkish Embassy. 13 Dec. 2003 <http://www.turkishembassy.com>. "Western Outpost." Economist. 12 Oct. 2003: MasterFILE Premier. Cleveland Public Library. 13 Dec. 2003 Gaining a Sense of Membership into Christian Europe Essay -- Religion Gaining a Sense of Membership into Christian Europe Problems with format Introduction: ????????? Turkey is a unique nation that has been attempting to bridge the gap between the Muslim world and Western culture. Economics and foreign policy give the strongest background to the challenges Turkey has faced and what lies ahead in Turkey?s slow acceptance into the club of Europe. History: ????????? The country Turkey was formed in 1923 from the partitioning of the 600 year old Ottoman Empire, an ally of Germany in WWI. Mustafa Kemal was the leader greatly responsible for creating the republic and is consequently referred to as Ataturk, father of the Turks. Ataturk emphasized secularism, nationalism, and modernization in the regions around Anatolis and Thrace. Ataturk?s social, political, economic, and linguistic reforms became known as ?Kemalism?, and drew inspiration greatly from the West (state.gov). In the year 1945 it officially became a member of the United Nations and participated in the Korean War, later becoming a part of NATO in 1952. Turkey has since grown to become a strategically important eastern member for NATO, and a NATO headquarter is located in Izmir. ?After WWII, Turkey and Greece received security from communism in the form of aid from the United States in the Truman Doctrine. Turkey drafted a formal constitution in 1982 and its government currently consists of 3 branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The majority of the population lives in urban areas, Istanbul home to 9.7 million citizens and the capital Anakara 3.7 million. Turkey?s 780,580 km2 lie in one of the most earthquake prone areas of the world. Although a secular republic, 98% of the population is Muslim, the majority being ... .... Department of State. 13 Dec. 2003 <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3432/htm>. Country Profile-Cyprus. Central Intelligence Agency. 13 Dec. 2003 <http://www.cia.gov>. Greece Now. Greek Embassy. 13 Dec. 2003 <http://www.greece.gr>. Khan, Adnan R. "On the Edge." Maclean's. 8 Dec. 2003: MasterFILE Premier. 17 Dec. 2003 Scheifer, Yigal. "Turkey chafes at European 'snub'." Christian Science Monitor. 16 Dec. 2003: MasterFILE Premier. Cleveland Public Library. 17 Dec. 2003 Squitieri, Tom. "Moderate, West-oriented Turkey is 'logical target'." USA Today 21 Nov. 2003: 14A. NewsBank. Cleveland Public Library. 17 Dec. 2003 Turkey. Turkish Embassy. 13 Dec. 2003 <http://www.turkishembassy.com>. "Western Outpost." Economist. 12 Oct. 2003: MasterFILE Premier. Cleveland Public Library. 13 Dec. 2003

Cat in the Rain

Review on Cat in The Rain of Ernest Hemingway A couple of Americans traveled in Italy. At the hotel, on a raining day, the wife found a cat crouched in the rain and wanted to take the cat and possess it. She went out and searched the cat in the rain, to find it had gone. Coming back, she told her husband her wish to change her hair style and was turned down by her husband. After her several other wishes were also turned down, a waitress of the hotel knocked the door, at the demand of the hotel owner, and sent her a cat. These are the main plots of Hemingway’s novel, Cat in The Rain. Main characters in the story are the American wife and her husband. Hemingway’s purpose of writing this novel is to illustrate the relationship between the couple. But when focusing on the simple but meaningful story, it’s easy to get confused, or even worse, get nothing out of it. In this novel, as many people have pointed out, there are many metaphors. Like the cat and the rain. These metaphors could lead us to the theme. In the very first paragraph, we can see that the description is showing the state of the couple’s relationship: at first it was once quite nice, just like the beautiful scene outside, and when it’s raining, their relationship got cold, too. And also, readers can find three symbols: the sea, the garden and the war monument, which can be seen in the American couple’s room. Compared with the sea, the garden is much delicate. In some cases, the garden may be washed out by the sea at ease. The garden is at the mercy of the sea. This scene, together with the monument, illustrates the background of the novel. As for the monument, it’s the symbol of conflict and sacrifice. This symbol indicates that a â€Å"war† is ahead. We would have a better understanding in the following paragraphs. The first scene in the room is the out-looking wife and her husband who is lying on the bed. Viewing this, the relationship of the couple is obvious to readers: they do not enjoying a happy life. The wife is eager to run away from her husband. While her husband, the American man who is reading on the bed, is giving pressure on her wife. And he would like to lie on the bed comfortably and read the book. The book is a â€Å"wall† between him and her wife. It’s a barrier that prevents communication from these two persons. Along the spreading of the story, the focus turns to a cat, a cat in the rain. The American wife finds that the cat is crouching under a table, trying to avoid the rain. Thus there is a kind of connection built up between the woman and the cat. In fact, the cat reflects the woman’s situation. Both of them are under some kind of troubles and have nothing to do on their troubles: the cat can’t change the weather, just like the wife has no influence on her husband at that time. In similar situation with the cat, the woman goes out, trying to get it when finding the poor cat. While being out and searching for the cat, she can’t find it. It has gone. It’s making its effort to flee. Whether it has run away from the rain, it has gone. Anyhow, the cat’s result is a good sign. The cat is gone, but the woman has to come back. The conflict between her husband and her hasn’t come to an end. The woman comes back and makes her new effort to make some changes. She even sits on the bed, trying to communicate with her husband. But she fails. Her husband is still reading. She comes up with some other demands, desperately. But her husband still ignores her wish for change. It’s getting dark. Their relationship is getting dark, too. The woman’s efforts do not work. Her wish to transverse her husband’s influence breaks down. Suddenly,there is a change. The light comes on the square outside the window, and the change for the American woman comes, too. She is sent a big tortoise-shell cat. It doesn’t matter whether this cat is the cat in the rain several minutes ago. It’s just a symbol of change for the woman. It’s not enough for the woman. It’s just a beginning. What she wants is not just a cat. She wants to change. Anyhow, it’s a good sign, too. Also,the using of words shows some attitudes, too. The different titles of the cat, like the kitty; and that of the woman, like the girl. These different addresses show the childish characteristics of the woman. This feature shows that her inferior statue comparing with her husband. All in all, the main problem of the story is their relationship: the husband controls all affairs, while the wife’s failure of trying to make a change. However, there is still a sign of change at the end of the story, which shows the author’s hope for future.

How Tension and Suspense Essay

There are many different ways in which HG Wells builds up tension and suspense in ‘The Red Room’. One way in which he does this is through the use of language. One of the main effective uses of language in ‘The Red Room’ is the use of personification; â€Å"made the shadows cower and quiver†. The shadow embeds fear into the reader, as they wonder if the shadow is alive, which creates tension as the reader wonders what will happen next. Furthermore, the fact that the phrase makes it seem that the shadows are scared of something, and the reader would normally associate shadows with blackness and fear, makes the reader feel uneasy and heightens tension. It is almost as if fear is afraid of fear itself. The setting of the story also creates tension and suspense; â€Å"the great red room of Lorraine Castle, in which the young duke died†. The fact that it is set in a castle is not only typical of a gothic genre, but it builds suspense by saying; â€Å"in which the young duke died†. This makes the reader feel that death is imminent. It heightens tension as it makes the reader feel as if the narrator will die at the end of the story. Dialogue is also used by the author to create tension. At first the narrator is sceptical and doubtful about the red room and its alleged supernatural powers; â€Å"I can assure you †¦ that it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me†. His arrogant behaviour creates uneasiness in the reader’s mind as it is typical in a Gothic story for the smug, non-believer to be the first victim of the story. However, as the story continues, we see that there is very little dialogue in the later parts of the story. Conversely, the fact that the story is written in the first person compensates for the lack of dialogue in the later parts of the story. We can also see that where there is dialogue, it is the narrator speaking to himself; â€Å"‘Steady on! ‘ I said. ‘These candles are wanted'†. This creates tension as it makes it seem as though the narrator is reassuring himself that nothing bad is going to happen to him. Tension is also affected by sentence structure. H. G. Wells uses short sentences to build up pace when leading to a climax in the story; â€Å"I stood rigid for half a minute perhaps†. The fact that short sentences have been used, adds pace to the story which forces the reader to read on, creating tension. Furthermore, another way of creating tension is by using commas in long sentences; â€Å"The three of them made me feel uncomfortable, with their gaunt silences, their bent carriage, their evident unfriendliness to me and one another. â€Å"Commas have been used to compel the reader along to the end of the sentence, thus generating tension. Moreover, in areas where the author wants to reduce tension, after a climax preparing them for another tension point, the author uses long, descriptive passages; â€Å"A bronze group stood upon the landing, hidden from me by the corner of the wall†. This descriptive passage is an effective way to relieve tension and prepare the reader for another climax point. Another way in which the author creates tension and suspense is by withholding information. Immediately, we can see that the story begins mid-scene which creates suspense as it ambiguous and leaves the reader wanting to find out more; â€Å"I can assure you,†. We can also see this in the ending of the story. The ending of this story is an anticlimax as it does not provide all of the answers that are put in the readers mind throughout the story, which leaves the ending of the story open to speculation. Furthermore, the fact that we do not find out any of the names of the characters heightens tension from the start; â€Å"the old woman†, â€Å"the man with the shade†. This also creates suspense as ambiguity is created in the readers mind. The author also creates suspense and tension through describing the characters negatively; â€Å"the man with the withered arm†. The negative description of characters creates ambiguity, causes the reader to speculate and generates a completely negative, hazy image in the readers mind. It is also is emotionally troublesome for the reader. This creates tension for the reader as the reader is left with an uncomfortable feeling.

Cleanliness Champions

Hand Decontamination With the outbreak of antibiotic resilient infections, infection control is becoming a major concern for health groups all over the world (WHO, 2011). The risk of infection can be reduced by using three types of hand washing known as social, hygienic and surgical methods (HAI, 2011). Social hand washing is a useful method for removing dirt and transient micro-organisms. Using soap or an alcohol-based gel if hands are not soiled, vigorously clean your hands using the eight stages of hand-washing.This can stop transmission of the transient micro-organisms when in direct contact with patients (NHS, 2009). Alcohol-based hand rubs or gels should not be used alone when infection is present as this alone will not kill the spores for infection such as clostridium difficile. After washing hands must be dried properly as failure to do this can increase the transfer of bacteria (Nottingham University Hospitals, 2011). Hygienic hygiene not only removes transient microorganism s but also reduces resident microorganisms.This is used when preparing to work in a sterile environment, during an outbreak situation or following contact with bodily fluids. Use an antiseptic hand cleanser when washing and vigorously follow the eight steps of hand-washing. After drying properly then apply an alcohol-based hand rub and repeat the eight stages (NHS, 2011). Surgical scrubbing is a longer and more thorough antiseptic wash of both the hands and forearms. Before a surgical procedure this method is designed to remove as many of the micro-organisms as possible.It involves systematic washing and scrubbing of the hands and forearms using the most effective antibacterial cleansing agent available. Sterile gown and glove procedures are performed following the surgical scrub (NHS, 2010). Effective hand washing can break the chain of infection which is known as: the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry and host. If the chain remains intact then infection will develop, therefore, nurses must wash their hands before, during and after ontact with a patient and their environment. This will consequently stop the infection progressing while ensuring micro-organisms do not build up in the environment. Direct and indirect contact transmission involves contact with a contaminated object which may be unwashed hands or gloves that are not changed between patients (HAI, 2011). One of the main principles of good hygiene is the use of personal protective equipment as this forms a skin barrier. It is important to ensure the equipment is intact and decontaminated.The decision to use or wear personal protective equipment must be based on risk assessment associated with the patient care activity or intervention. Personal protective equipment includes: gloves, masks, eyewear, caps, gowns, aprons and other items (HAI, 2011). The Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) advises that gloves be worn whenever there is a reasonable likeli hood that hands will be in contact with blood or other potentially infectious material, mucous, non-intact skin or when handling contaminated items or surfaces.The safe use and disposal of sharps is essential in protecting each and every individual from contamination and injury. The sharps bin can be used to dispose of medical supplies such as needles and syringes. After the use of needles they must be immediately disposed of in the sharps bin (NHS, 2011). All healthcare workers must be aware of their responsibility in avoiding needle stick injuries (NHS, 2007).

Prince Metternich

Samantha Meyers 01/20/13 Wld Hist. HN Pd. 2 Prince Metternich Prince Metternich was born in Coblenz on May 15, 1773. He owed most of his early education to his mother because his father showed no interest in his education. In 1788, Metternich enrolled in Strasbourg University He served as foreign minister of the Austrian Empire from 1809 to 1848 and restored Austria to its former power after the devastating Napoleonic Wars. He held continuous office in European affairs for almost 40 years.One of his first tasks was to set up a detente with France that included the marriage of Napoleon to the Austrian Arch-Duchess Marie Louise. Soon after that he engineered Austria’s entry into the War of the Sixth Coalition on the Allied side, he signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau that sent Napoleon into exile. In recognition of his service to the Austrian Empire, he was raised to the title of Prince in October 1813. Prince Metternich lead the Congress of Vienna.He helped restore balance of po wer to all of Europe and proposed a peacekeeping organization called the Concert of Europe. He attempted to restore hereditary monarchs that lost power but only ended up making the people favor nationalism. Under his guidance, the â€Å"Metternich system† of international congresses continued for another decade as Austria aligned herself with Russia and Prussia. This marked the high point of Austria's diplomatic importance, but soon Metternich slowly slipped back into the periphery of international diplomacy.At home, Metternich also held the post of Chancellor of State from 1821 until 1848, under both Francis II of Austria and his son Ferdinand I of Austria. After a brief period of exile in London, Brighton and Brussels that lasted until 1851, he returned once more to the Viennese court, this time to offer only advice to Ferdinand's successor, Franz Josef. Having outlived his generation of politicians, Metternich died at the age of 86 in 1859. Metternich was one of the most c apable diplomats of his time.He was responsible for the stability of European governments. In the end, however, Metternich failed because his basic strategy was to support autocracy when the political development in Europe moved rapidly towards democracy. Bibliography: â€Å"Prince Metternich. †Ã‚  World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO,  2013. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. World History Notes on â€Å"19th Century Nationalism† â€Å"Conservative, Sophisticated, Skilled Diplomat. †Ã‚  Emersonkent. com. Emerson Kent, n. d. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. .

Accounts Sba Essay Example for Free

Accounts Sba Essay ? The aim of my project is for me to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the financial sector of the business world. To draw up the financial records for the year 2009 for Jen’s Supermarket and to comment on the entity’s performance using appropriate tools of Analysis Description and Overview Jen’s Supermarket is a developed and simulated entity owned by Jenevonne Kirton, who is the sole proprietor. Jen’s Supermarket is a developed supermarket which sells a variety of food items and miscellaneous goods, serving most of the island in its convenient location. The supermarket employ fifteen staff along with Ms. The capital at beginning was 202800 while at end it was 208165 which showed an increase by 5365 at the end of the month. Suggestions/Recommendations Current Ratio It is recommended that Jen’s Supermarket 1. Uses the excess money to expand the business by opening another supermarket. 2. Introduce new product to the business and purchase new equipment. Gross Profit It is suggested that Jen’s Supermarket should 1. Source cheaper suppliers to facilitate the demand of goods so profitability would be greater at the end of the month. 2. Offer new promotions every week and offer the customers raffles at a chance to win prizes at the end of the year. These are given to help Jen’s Supermarket increase gross profit and sales. Conclusion It is clear that Jen’s Supermarket keeps adequate records for the business to demonstrate the profitability over the financial period for the month. It could however, increase the current ratio and gross profit by incorporating the suggestions/recommendations outlined. Nevertheless Jen’s Supermarket made a good net profit for the month of December in 2009. Overall based on the performance of the business Jen’s Supermarket was able to make a profit of 6365 despite the low sales of 104 850. Accounts Sba. (2018, Nov 13).

Are Bonus Schemes an Effective Way of Motivating Employees Essay

Are Bonus Schemes an Effective Way of Motivating Employees - Essay Example The definite development of interest in employee motivation can be traced back by about a hundred years to the beginning of the twentieth century, when in essence behavioural scientists studied the behaviour and the response to stimuli, with particular emphasis on material benefits derived from work, for the initial studies had led to the belief that workers increased their effort, based on the monetary benefits received. This led to material benefits and its impact on employee motivation becoming the focus of studies and the basis of motivational action within business environments during approximately fifty years of the history of employee motivation (Latham, 2006). 2. Literature Review Several content and process theories on work motivation have emerged from the efforts put in by work motivational theorists, leading to the requirement of further classification in any study of work motivational studies. This classification is based on human behaviour and that which underlies human motivation in the form of needs, reinforcement, cognition, job characteristics and feelings or emotions (Ramlall, 2004). In 1954, the behavioural scientist Maslow published his theory in motivation called Maslow’s need hierarchy theory or the hierarchy of needs theory. In this theory Maslow postulates that the main driver in human behaviour is the satisfaction of an individual’s needs and he categorised these needs consisting of physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs and put them into five levels (Halepota, 2005). Incentive schemes in business organizations are set up with the purpose of enhancing performance through meeting the needs of the employees. The success of incentive schemes would be high or low depending on the personal context of the employee. In the case of employees at the lower levels of Maslow’s need hierarchy cash rewards by itself act as a means to meeting these basic needs, Those at the highe r levels of Maslow’s need hierarchy may require in addition to cash rewards other rewards, which we could term as ‘satisfaction income’ in terms appreciation, interesting work, freedom at the work and empowerment for satisfaction at the work place. Such rewards have to be fair and irrespective of the various other aspects of motivation at the workplace cash rewards still remain a key incentive for employee performance (Rai, 2004). Kauhanen and Piekkola, 2006, evaluating the motivational effects of performance-related pay schemes and bonus schemes on upper white collar employees in Finland found several important features. Among these features was the finding that for performance-related pay schemes and bonus schemes, the levels of these schemes should be high and frequent enough for positive motivational effects. Lower levels of performance-related pay schemes and bonus schemes do not bring about the desired increase in motivational levels for higher performance behaviour (Kauhanen & Piekkola, 2006) Human relations practices are important to organizational performance

Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Geography - Essay Example If only we were living in an ideal world, we could solve all our problems. But given that we don’t, we cannot solve all of them due to the fact that resources are scarce, limited and competitive among the various priority choices of which problem to solve first (Bradshaw, Dymond and George). There are several challenges in the world that make us vulnerable to these problems. Some of these are; climate change, communicable diseases, conflicts, education, financial instability, corruption and governance, malnutrition and hunger, population and migration, sanitation and water, subsidies and trade barriers among others. Solutions are also so many and we cannot be able to spend on all of them, that is why we again need to list some of the top priorities which we can work with. This is what I can do better as a UN economist since economists make priorities. Solutions to mitigate big problems like global warming, migration, communicable diseases are rated very expensive yet what we need to do is very little therefore such solutions will come at the bottom of my list. We can instead spend half of this money to solve some basic problems in the world which include giving clean drinking water, good sanitation, basic health care and education to every being on the globe which cost so little. Coming to the top of the list, the problem I can prioritize fourth is the issue of malaria control where mosquito nets and effective medication can reduce the incidence of malaria by half and about $13 billion can be used to do this which will bring four times the benefits more than this cost. This will enable save billions of lives that will be able to deal with other problems and in the long run, deal even with global warming. Third best is free trade by cutting subsidies in the US and Europe where the aggregate benefit of this would be $2,400 billion a year to the global economy. The second best thing is to focus on malnutrition. This is by dealing with

Why do I want to be a Teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why do I want to be a Teacher - Essay Example Teaching is a very dignified profession as a teacher imparts knowledge to the children so that they learn and become successful individuals. Teaching has been my passion. It forms an integral part of my life. This is the reason why I chose to apply for a professional studies program, Child Associate Development (CDA) Certificate which is in association with the New York Early Childhood Development Institute. It is by far the best program I have come across in New York, which offers all the facilities for the trainees. Known to permit individuals to acquire a great deal of knowledge, it provides the desired skills necessary to enhance the career development. It gives the students the opportunity to earn credit which can be transferred to a variety of programs on campus. I am optimistic about the fact that this program is going to help me in effective communication, polish my creative and critical thinking and aid me in learning to equip myself with the latest technology. The course wi ll enable me to pursue the advanced studies in the same field and meet the standards of the curriculum which is tested for its reliability and validity. I have always sought to perform definitive tasks in the learning process so that I am able to capture the content and learn to apply it in a real life professional scenario. I am looking forward to make full use of the objectives of this certificate so that I am able to achieve and excel in dealing with children and their families. In order to be able demonstrate my expertise in the pedagogical aspect of child development; I intend to make frequent visits to toddlers’ institutes to familiarize with the new methods of teaching and the practical aspect of education. I seek to learn from my mistakes and have full faith in the program that it will facilitate me in examining and reflecting on my teaching style. The institute promises to train its candidates through the use of several hands-on activities which can benefit the young learners as they need to concentrate while learning. I also hope that through this certificate I would be able to reach out to the parents of the infants who need to be equally assisted with the skills and resources that I will be employing on my students. All this with the aid of skilled trainers will help me grow into a better educationalist than many others who do not have the opportunity to be a part of this program. I want to accomplish the best from this program and reproduce the best material which can help millions of toddlers to grow into optimistic learns and leaders of the nation. This might appear to be a farfetched notion but for me it has always been my goal to achieve the best and help others achieve it as well. I believe that a teacher plays an eminent role in the pupils’ life. It is the role of my teachers which has compelled me to aim so high and work towards higher goals. In the end, it is all about self-satisfaction when it comes to nurturing a tiny human to turn into a better citizen and a successful professional. The field of education is too vast and offers a great deal of opportunities for all the degrees of education. Each area is rapidly developing into a separate department and requires more and more people to join so that more research work can be performed and new methods could be derived through careful experiments on classroom teaching methodologies and the quality of education which requires a constant upgrading and analysis of the curriculum. I believe that by being part of this institute and certificate, I would be able to become a part of the grand academia which is awaiting a new dimension in the field of education that deals with the child development. Teaching and training of infants and

Marketing Communication for Startford Upon Avon Essay

Marketing Communication for Startford Upon Avon - Essay Example Proceedings will commence with guided tours around various sections of the facility including the redeveloped auditorium, the Swan Theatre, the Observation Tower and the â€Å"One-Room† (Chambers 2004, 67). This shall then be followed by the airing of an hour long documentary that follows the exceptional account of how the theatre came to be. Some of the plays that will later be performed during the day will include Shakespeare’s very own Othello and Romeo and Juliet. Other plays that are lined up for that day include the Revenger’s Tragedy, The Magic Flute, Camino Real and The War of the Roses. Some of these plays shall include names of famous Hollywood actors such as Candice Bergen, Ewan McGregor, Bradley Cooper and the lovely Emma Stone in the performances. Visitors can find food and drinks at the Rooftop Bar and Restaurant as well as the Riverside Cafe and Terrace. The Royal Shakespeare Company intends to increase cultural awareness of potential visitors with regards to the various activities and opportunities that is offered at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre. The company intends to raise both domestic and international tourist visits within the area by defining the product and services they offer and thereby providing a high standard of cultural and diplomatic repertoire through cultural interactions. Another objective of the event is to provide to the target audience a variety of social activities that they can enjoy while visiting the area (Fill & Hughes 2008, 266). Key stakeholders in the media fraternity have been invited to contribute towards the success of the event. Both local and international television channels have confirmed their attendance in what is considered a crucial step towards the revitalization of the country’s tourism sector. Several Radio stations and newspaper agencies have also been invited to cover the

Why should California's leaders save you and your peers a spot in Essay

Why should California's leaders save you and your peers a spot in college - Essay Example I am no exception in this regard. Many of my peers, handicapped by economic status, have received the same benefits. It is a fact that education is the greatest instrument of change in life. As such, a college education is the greatest gift we can receive from our State. I firmly believe that when California’s leaders elect to save us a place in college, they are choosing to make a long-term investment in the future welfare of our society. Financial assistance for higher education will usher in many social and economic benefits, both to us as individuals, and to society as a whole. On the individual plane, a higher education is obviously linked to better employment, increased salaries, financial assets and a higher quality of life, all of which will be passed on to the next generation. The betterment of the individual is synonymous with the betterment of society. In terms of public benefit, an educated workforce increases productivity and consumption, encourages participation in civic and community activities and will reduce dependence on government financial assistance in the long run. In my attempt to give back to society, I have enthusiastically thrown myself into community service, as a member of the Earth Club’s recycling program, and as a volunteer at the Trinity Lutheran Church’s Food Bank, the Peace Vigil, the LA Marathon and Keep America Beautiful. Here again, I have not been an exception – my peers have shared my enthusiasm to make California a better place, in our own small way. We are deeply aware of the benefits we have received from society and are fully committed towards sharing these benefits with those less fortunate than ourselves. A college education will help us to become true contributors to California and to the

Mathew Crawfords The Case for Working with Your Hands Essay - 1

Mathew Crawfords The Case for Working with Your Hands - Essay Example According to the research findings, the audience of the essay is a specialized group of white-collar workers. Crawford talks about university students who undergo a syllabus that suits specific office work. Most of these students have no practical experience about their work, and can only sit at work and perform a boring routine of predetermined operations according to company policies. He believes that most of them are in learning institutions against their will. â€Å"Some people are hustled off to college, then to the cubicle, against their own inclinations and natural bents, when they would rather be learning to build things or fix things. This part of the essay undermines the natural quest of people in college who would rather learn manual work than be in an office. It is only after they work in an office so they make the comparison between the two. Matthew Crawford uses a positive tone in his presentation. He has an inspiring and persuasive persona coupled with philosophical t hought. His philosophy of gaining fulfillment from manual work as compared to office work is insightful. The effect of this is a remarkable and convincing essay that changes a reader’s outlook about manual labor and mental work. His research talks about work fulfillment and the ability to end a day with a feeling of success because of actually doing some visible work. The author uses a formal and concise tone in the essay to ridicule the society. The effect of this language is that it makes the readers laugh at themselves and consider the thought of manual labor. He says that one works when doing something manually, for instance, repairing a car, and actually sees the results. Using simple sentences and impressive language flow, the author explains the benefits of manual work in an intelligent manner.

Dance review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dance review - Essay Example Ballets give exquisite pleasures to witness at the theater. To me, it appeared that the dual roles of the ballerina depicted the dual roles of common people from every walk of life. Hence the term ‘two-faced’. The eternal battle between the good and the evil. None of us are good in our entirety, and none of us are evil either. Everyone has their own demons and evil intentions. It is only through struggle and overpowering that one side claims victory over the other. We suppress the evil side to confirm to a higher social order. Maybe this aspect was not part of the greater plan. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, the original composer of the Swan Lake, might not have put the duality of the human psychology represented through the dancing of ballerinas on purpose. The beauty of the play is that when one ballerina plays both roles it makes the message even more powerful. Odette is trying to set herself free by seeking faithfulness of her lover, while Odile wanting to seduce the lover to make the enchantment permanent. The duality of human nature should not be taken to the extremes of good and evil only. We experience cognitive dissonance frequently in our daily lives. Even more common is the inner child in all of us that wants to trample rules and norms. This side wants to be free, to be rebellious. It wants to do whatever it wants, driven by lust, gluttony and greed. But the mature side of the human tries to hold it back. It tries to suppress it to prevent it from becoming too irrational. The Yin and Yang, the negative and positive, the good and evil, and in that performance, Odette and Odile. As suggested earlier that dance is one of the purest form of human expression. As a Swan Odette was delicate, fragile and innocent. Her posture, her hand movements were so light that she was barely touching the stage. Her ‘floating’ represented the lightness of the soul of a person. Odette presented to me the delicate

Work Experience Report Essay Example for Free

Work Experience Report Essay After I finished my AS level exams, I knew I wanted to do chemical engineering, so I asked my dad to get me a place where I can learn a little about it and luckily my dad knew Mr. Manoj Shah who is the owner of Osho Chemical Industries Ltd. So I went there on the 03/12/2012 to get some experience. I met the product development manager Mr. Harish Tolia who guided us throughout and took care of us while we were there. DAY 1 On this day, we were introduced to the work place. We were shown the whole industry and given a brief discussion on what we were going to learn on the next few days. DAY 2 We started off with simple formulations. We did the formulations of tea as it is an everyday use. So we learnt how each ingredient is used and the way its quantity used is very important for the taste, quality and pricing. After looking at tea, we looked at other examples and did some analysis on how some variations in quantity affect the end product. DAY 3 We looked at processes on this day. We learnt how each ingredient is processed. But we stuck to the tea example. We discussed its process. Like we start with boiling the water, then adding the tea leaves (making sure how strong you want it), then masala and then sugar according to the taste preference and then pouring it in the cup. Then we went around the industry looking at different processes. Like for the mosquito killer (moss-kill) we saw how the dough was made into rings and then packed in small packets, then boxes. Also saw how liquids were processed. This was done through computer so it was all automatic. DAY 4 On this day we looked at the equipments. We saw different types of stirrers (single and double mixers), ones used for powder. Then we also looked at their custom made mixers that stir both upwards and downwards forcing them to be mixed very thoroughly. Apart from mixers, we saw how each equipment plays a role in the processing. Conveyor belts help to move the processed item to the next station. (e.g. One equipment pours the liquid in the container, the next covers the container with a cap, the next places a label around it, then a box is used to put all the containers in one and the lorry is then used to transport the goods to their location.

The Utilities Of Apollo 11

The Utilities Of Apollo 11 The Apollo 11 mission played an important role in the shaping of science and technology and it stands as a testament to mankinds ability to achieve greatness in spite of seemingly overwhelming challenges and obstacles. The Apollo 11 moon landing was a significant event that showed what humanity could accomplish. The success of Apollo 11 came at a time when American society was in crisis. Some people argue that this achievement of landing on the moon was mainly to beat the Russians to it in the space race and how the achievement was born out of hatred and distrust. This is not necessarily true, a growing fear of adjusting to a world in which United States technology and leadership was perceived as second best. This fear helped to fuel this great achievement. The Apollo 11 mission had a profound impact in the advancement of science and technology and the evolution of space exploration. Its clear that Apollo 11 was the crown of American space technology and is a major accomplishment in the history of space exploration. The Apollo project was a series of missions designed to land a man on the moon and return him safely to Earth. Although earlier Apollo missions did achieve some success the grand achievement of a manned landing on the moon was Apollo 11. The following timeline for Apollo 11 was taken from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center courtesy of Dr. David R. Williams: The liftoff of Apollo 11 happened on the morning of July 16, 1969. Apollo 11 was manned by a three man crew composing of Neil Armstrong, Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin and Michael Collins. On July 20, 1969 after a trip of four days Apollo 11 arrived at the moon. At 4:18pm EDT the lunar module containing Neil Armstrong and Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin touched down on the moon. Aldrin in communications to Earth stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the eagle has landed (Aldrin, 1969). At 10:56pm EDT Neil Armstrong emerged from the lunar module and became the first human to set foot on the moon. Armstrong summed it up by saying Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind (Armstrong, 1969). On July 21, 1969 Apollo 11 departed from the moon after spending 22 hours there. On July 24, 1969 Apollo 11 splashed down returning the three astronauts safely to Earth. (Williams, 2005). Millions of people around the world watched this historic event happen on live television and listened to it via radio broadcasts. With the success of Apollo 11 Kennedys great vision became a reality and it was giant step in progress for humankind. The Apollo 11 mission has directly affected society with the notion of space exploration and it had a profound effect on the future of space exploration. It all started on May 25, 1961 during the height of the space race, President John F. Kennedys bold statement to Congress on urgent special needs was one that captivated the nation and set the events that followed in motion: First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him back safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish (Kennedy, 1961). This speech made by Kennedy in 1961 was the stuff of legends and ignited the dream of space exploration. Kennedy would further elaborate on this and offered the reason and explanation for such an undertaking during a speech he made at Rice University about the nations space effort on September 12, 1962: We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too (Kennedy, 1962). This speech spoke to the hearts of the American people and was one of the finest speeches made by Kennedy to rally the support of the American public in favor of space exploration. Both of these speeches were a great boost to the American space program and the push for space exploration. At the time of these speeches NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration had not placed a man in orbit around the Earth, let alone the moon. Nonetheless NASA engineers and scientists rose to challenge. The past successes of the Mercury and Gemini programs guided by Kennedys grand vision helped to develop the missions for the Apollo program and in the ultimate goal of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely back to Earth. While the Apollo program was during the Cold War with its political and rhetoric fears and concerns it was also a push to explore space and how that success was vital for America. The May 25, 1961 Kennedy speech was reinforced by the October 13, 1961 speech at the American Rocket Society by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Johnson stated: If I could get one message to you it would be this: The future of this country and the welfare of the free world depend upon our success in space. There is no room in this country for any but a fully cooperative, urgently motivated all-out effort toward space leadership. No one person, no one company, no one Government agency, has a monopoly on the competence, the missions, or the requirements for the space program. It is and it must continue to be national job (Johnson, 1961). This speech by Johnson clearly expressed the outlook the United States had on space exploration and it would do whatever it took to be successful and how important that success was. All three of these speeches helped the development of Americas space program and space exploration in general. The first two speeches made by Kennedy were to inspire the American public on this grand enterprise and how the exploration of space was necessary for America. The speech by Johnson was aimed at how important success was in this endeavor for America and how American leadership in space was necessary for the future of America. The Apollo program and most noticeably Apollo 11 is a living testament to the triumph of human engineering in overcoming enormous challenges in spite of overwhelming odds. When Kennedy made the bold statement of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth in 1961 none of the technology and hardware or the workforce needed to achieve this goal existed. An article in the July 2009 issue of Mechanical Engineering, Burton Dicht stated In all, more than 400,000 engineers, scientists, and technicians working for more than 20,000 companies and universities contributed to Apollos Success (Dicht, 29). This massive collaborative undertaking was unheard of at the time and showed what can be accomplished by working together. The Apollo 11 mission united the people working on it with a common goal and belief that America would achieve it first. During the 1960s engineers and scientists were in great demand to overcome the vast engineering difficulties in the race to get into space . An article in the September 2005 issue of Mechanical Engineering, John Varrasi says At no other time were engineers prouder of their work, contributions, and professional and civic responsibilities. Each successive space mission was an achievement for engineering, for the nation, and for mankind (Varrasi, 46). The 1960s were the glory days for engineering with almost unlimited recourses and funding all geared toward the exploration of space. In many ways the engineers and scientists were heroes in their own right for making the success of Apollo 11 a reality. With the limited computer power at the time some things could not be done by computer and had to be done by other means. Nick Smith in the July 2009 issue of Engineering Technology talks with Buzz Aldrin about the Apollo program, he quotes Aldrin as saying, We chose to use humans to aid things like re-entry, final closure breaking and docking maneuvers. We made use of humans, rather than try to automate everything and I thin k we made wise decisions when exploring how to do these things (Aldrin, 77). This was a wise decision as the computing power at the time was still in its intimacy and wasnt efficient in doing certain mechanical calculations or to make the needed corrective changes that arose in solving them. Apollo 11 was a great collaborative feat of human engineering and coordination and the success of Apollo 11 proved that American scientific and technological power would remain supreme in the area of space exploration. Public coverage of the American space program through the press and television provided a great boost of support and enthusiasm that helped to retain national interest in the space program. Michael Beschloss in the book Spaceflight and the Myth of Presidential Leadership writes, public interest in space science, rocket technology, and detailed knowledge regarding space exploration had exploded. This, captured the American imagination, made them strongly support the space program because it promised the chance to establish American superiority in space (Beschloss 63). All of this led to strengthen the influence the space program had on the American people and helped to combat the fears the public had that America would lose the resulting space race. The space race has been called many of things and some would dismiss it as commonplace of the Cold War era, in all reality it was just a heated rivalry between two opposing nations that played on political fears. Space and ultimately the m oon was the battleground for this rivalry as each side strove to achieve superiority. For America the political goal was to prove to the world that American technology and leadership were superior. An article in the July 2009 issue of Engineering Technology, Piers Bizony writes Neither Russia nor America at the time would have reached for space, let alone the moon, if that prize hadnt beguiled the many millions of ordinary people they were trying to impress with their propaganda campaigns (Bizony, 22). While this is one view of how the space program was seen it is true to a sense; the growing fear of adjusting to a world in which American technology and leadership came to be thought of as second best was seen as a real threat. If the Soviet Union could solidify its superiority in outer space, it would strengthen its influence and hold on the people of the world. This would have profound diplomatic and commercial consequences for America and the American way of life (Oberg, 2009). T his never happened, Apollo 11 succeeded in its mission of putting American astronauts on the moon and by doing so also succeeded in its purpose. Winning the race to the moon gave the American people a great sense of confidence and pride not to mention a sense of direction that America would lead the world in the exploration of space. This success of Apollo 11 came at a time when American society was in crisis and that success helped to sustain the nation through the turbulent years of internal turmoil that followed. Mark Albrecht, former Executive Security of the National Space Council in his book, Falling Back to Earth comments on Apollo 11, he writes, It was an achievement that won the admiration of nations and fueled innovation (Albrecht, 58). He further elaborates on this in a 2011 Washington Times article he stated: Since 1960, Americas space program has been the crown jewel and Exhibit A of American exceptionalism. It has been a symbol of our spirit, ingenuity and technological prowess. It has fueled and sustained an economic expansion unparalleled in history and has powered the most awesome and unrivaled global military capability since the Roman Empire (Albrecht, 2011). The statement made by Albrecht clearly expresses how important the space program was during the 1960s and how its success changed the future of America and humanity forever. While many have identified the moon landing as the crowning achievement of civilization, it is also a great technological feat and as such has had an impact on culture. In the book Societal Impact of Spaceflight, Andrew Chaikin wrote the cultural impact of Apollo has been multifaceted. It was an event of international importance and yet it touched countless lives on an intensely personal level (Chaikin, 53). This touching of lives caused by Apollo was a turning point in the history of space exploration. It helped to boost commercial and economic growth. It helped to further education in the advancement of science, math and engineering. It also changed or altered worldwide views of how we see ourselves and how we perceive our place in the universe. For some of the American public the moon landing was a contradiction. Darren Jorgensen, Discipline Chair of Visual Arts for the School of Architecture, Landscape and Visual Arts of the University of Australia wrote an article in the 2009 is sue of Sociological Review, he wrote Rather than an heroic victory for the American way of life, the broadcast represented the kinds of disorientation and self-doubt that this society was experiencing during the 1960s (Jorgensen, 178). These feelings of alienation and self-doubt by the public were not surprising, at the time of the moon landing America was in turmoil and many questioned or opposed Apollo saying the cost for it could be better spent elsewhere and was out of tune with the urgent needs of Earth (Chaikin, Societal Impact of Spaceflight, 56). Apollo was a unique point in American history it undoubtedly had a profound effect on culture that pushed into the political and social aspects as well. The political and technological circumstances of the 1960s and the national priority of space exploration were all key elements in the success of putting an American man on the moon. This kind of culture shaping event would probably not be seen again as the next decade had its own p roblems to deal with, least of all the Vietnam War and the priorities shifted as the time changed. John Logsdon, former director of the space policy institute and current member of the NASA Advisory council wrote in his book John F. Kennedy and the Race to the Moon, he wrote In undertaking the lunar landing program, John Kennedy linked the politics of the moment with the dreams of centuries and the aspirations of the nation (Logsdon, 4). The Apollo project was the means for America to achieve its prestige in the space race and in the Cold War and its effect would be long lasting on culture and humanity. The Apollo mission unfired the American public in a way that gave them something they could be proud of. It was a great voyage of discovery and with coverage of the event provided by television, it gave the public the chance to follow along with and in a sense partake in the event. At the time nothing of the sort had ever been done, the implications and the outcome of the event had a huge impact and changed the culture of America and the world. The Apollo 11 moon landing was a groundbreaking event that changed the world. It is a living testament to mankinds ability to achieve greatness in spite of enormous odds and challenges. It showed what America could accomplish when united and working towards a common goal. While it was a race for superiority in the resulting space race, it also played a key role in the shaping of science and technology. The Apollo 11 mission proved Americas capability to advance science and technology. The nation was left in awe by the achievements made by the aerospace industry during the 1960s and ultimately the moon landing. Apollo brought about technological advances in computer circuitry and engineering along with numerous innovations that have improved our understanding of space and that has affected modern society immensely. Apollo 11 and the moon landing event was a vast and cultural shaping force that undeniably inspired how science and the future evolve. Works Citied Albrecht, M. (2011). Americas space rash is crashing. Washington Times. July 6, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2012, from http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/jul/6/americas-space-program-is-crashing/ Albrecht, M. (2011). Falling Back to Earth: A First Hand Account of the Great Space Race and the End of the Cold War. San Mateo, CA: New Media Books. Beschloss, M. (1997). Spaceflight and the Myth of Presidential Leadership. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Bizony, P. (2009, July). The great uncertainty of Apollo. Engineering Technology, 4(12). 20-23. Retrieved October 5, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. (doi:10.1049/et.2009.1201). Dicht, B. (2009). The most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked.. Mechanical Engineering, 131(7), 28-35. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. Dick, S. and Launius, R., ed. (2007). Societal Impact of Spaceflight. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Johnson, L. B. Aeronautical and Astronautical Events of October-December 1961. Report to the Committee on Science and Aeronautics. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved on October 7, 2012, from http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Timeline/1961-4.html. Jorgensen, D. (2009). Middle America, the moon, the sublime and the uncanny. Sociological Review, 57. 178-189. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. (doi: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2009.01824.x) Kennedy, J. F. Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs, May 25, 1961. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. Retrieved on October 7, 2012, from http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=8151. Kennedy, J. F. Address at Rice University on the Nations Space Effort, September 12, 1962. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved on October 7, 2012, from http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Ready-Reference/JFK-Speeches/Address-at-Rice- University-on-the-Nations-Space-Effort-September-12-1962.aspx. Logsdon, J. M. (2010). John f. Kennedy and the race to the moon. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Oberg, James. (2009). The secret formula for going to the moon. NBC News website. July 14, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from h ttp://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5380736/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/secret- formula-going-moon/ Smith, N. and Schuster, A. (2009, July). Out of this world. Engineering Technology, 4(12). 20-23. Retrieved October 5, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. (doi:10.1049/et.2009.1201). Varrasi, J. (2005). Reach for the Sky. Mechanical Engineering, 127(9), 44-46. Retrieved from academic Search Complete database. Williams, D. (2005). 25th anniversary of Apollo 11: 1969 1994. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. May 24, 2005. Retrieved October 7, 2012, from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo11.html.